Massive Hemorrhage
What is the first priority when using the MARCH sequence?
Massive Hemorrhage
What airway sound commonly indicates the tongue or soft tissue is obstructing the airway?
Snoring
What injury should you suspect when a casualty has a penetrating chest wound with a sucking or hissing sound?
open pneumothorax
Your casualty is conscious, talking clearly, and breathing normally. What do you do with the airway?
continue monitoring and reassessing
Blue discoloration around the mouth and lips is called what?
Cyanosis
What two findings indicate an extremity tourniquet is effective
Bleeding has stopped and the distal pulse is absent
What airway sound commonly suggests blood, vomit, or secretions are present?
gurgling
What is the preferred initial treatment for an open or sucking chest wound
vented chest seal
You identify an open chest wound. What intervention comes next?
Wipe away blood or debris, apply a chest seal
Rapid breathing is medically known as what?
Tachypnea
If an extremity tourniquet is properly positioned but bleeding continues, what should you do next?
Tighten the tourniquet
Apply a second tourniquet side-by-side and proximal if needed
Name the two basic manual maneuvers used to open an airway
head-tilt/chin-lift and jaw-thrust
If a vented chest seal is unavailable, what may be used instead
non-vented chest seal
A casualty begins snoring after becoming unconscious. What should you do first?
Reposition the airway using Head tilt chin lift or jaw thrust
Visually inspect airway
consider placing NPA
A casualty leaning forward and supporting their upper body with their hands is demonstrating what sign of respiratory distress?
Tripod Positioning
Name two signs that bleeding may be life-threatening.
pulsatile bleeding
rapidly flowing blood
pooling blood
saturated clothing/dressings
traumatic amputation
An NPA may be used in what two levels of consciousness?
are unconscious and semiconscious casualties
What life-threatening condition should you suspect when a chest-trauma casualty develops severe or progressively worsening respiratory distress with markedly decreased breath sounds on one side?
Tension pneumothorax
You place a chest seal, but the casualty develops worsening respiratory distress. What is the patient developing?
What do you do next?
tension pneumothorax
Burp the chest seal, Consider Needle Decompression
What pulse-oximetry value may indicate significant respiratory distress?
SpO₂ less than 90%
During a more deliberate reassessment, where should a tourniquet generally be repositioned when the bleeding site is clearly identified and conversion is appropriate
2–3 inches above the wound, directly on the skin, and not over a joint
Severe maxillofacial trauma with an airway that cannot be maintained using less-invasive interventions may require what procedure?
cricothyroidotomy
Name the two acceptable anatomical locations for needle decompression of the chest.
2nd intercostal space at the midclavicular line
5th intercostal space at the anterior axillary line
You perform an intervention, but the casualty continues to deteriorate. What is the most important next action?
REASSESS!!! Determine whether the intervention was effective or the condition has progressed.
Name three findings that may indicate tension pneumothorax?
Progressive respiratory distress
absent/decreased unilateral breath sounds
SpO₂ below 90%
shock
JVD
tracheal deviation