General Treatment 1
General Treatment 2
Disease Specific 1
Disease Specific 2
Disease Specific 3
100
This is not a class of drugs used for symptomatic nephrotic syndrome treatment.
RAAS Inhibitors, Diuretics, Statins, NSAIDs, Anticoagulants
100
This symptom is one of the signature side effects of ACEIs.
What is cough?
100
Primary forms of nephrotic syndrome are usually treated with this type of therapy.
What is immunosuppressive therapy?
100
The primary nephrotic syndrome that is treated conservatively with a RAAS inhibitor.
What is Membranous Nephropathy?
Immunosuppression (prednisone and cyclophosphamide) are reserved for those at risk for ESRD (Elevated Cr, Proteinuria >8g/d for 6 mon, refractory manifestations of nephrotic syndrome)
100
The best way to delay diabetic kidney disease from progressing to end-stage renal disease.
What is good glycemic control of blood sugars?
ACEI or ARBs in addition to good BP control are also important for treatment of DKD
300
The mechanism of action of statins
What are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors?
300
The MOA of loop diuretics.
What is inhibits the Na/K/2Cl symporter in the thick ascending loop?
300
The initial therapy for minimal change disease.
Immunosuppressive therapy (especially effective in kids)
1st line: prednisone
2nd line: cyclophosphamide or calcineurin inhibitors
300
The MOA of glucocorticoids.
What is inhibit the synthesis of virtually all cytokines, inactivating NF-κB, the transcription factor that induces production of TNF-α and other inflammatory agents?
300
The treatment of AL amyloid.
What are chemotherapy and stem cell
transplants? (treats underlying multiple myeloma or plasma cell dyscrasia)
500
This general treatment for nephrotic syndrome can oftentimes require higher doses or adjunctive IV albumin to be most effective.
What are loop diuretics?
Loop diuretics can be less effective at their normal doses due to gut edema or from an increased volume of distribution from hypoalbunemia.
500
The reason that there is increased risk of clotting for pt's with nephrotic syndrome
What is the urinary loss of anticoagulant proteins, such as antithrombin III and plasminogen, along with the simultaneous increase in clotting factors (produced by liver), especially factors I, VII, VIII, and X
500
MOA of calcineurin inhibitors.
What is inhibit IL-2 production in T-cells?
IL-2 stimulates the growth of helper, cytotoxic, regulatory cells, and NK cells.
500
The indication for immunosuppression in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis.
What is being nephrotic at a preserved GFR?
Not effective at GFR<35-40 mL/min
Prolonged high dose steroids (1 mg/kg) for 6 mos
Intolerability/Resistance --> cyclosporine
500
Initial treatment for Lupus Nephritis.
What are IV glucocorticoids + other immunosuppressants (mycophenolate/cyclophosphamide)?
Maintenance of remission therapy: oral prednisone