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100

What does AFROM help to determine? (Active free range of motion) 

ABILITY = MUSCLE = CONTRACTILE


•Assesses what the client is willing or able to do WITHOUT assistance 

•Client actively moves through the planes of motion that are normal for that joint

•Client reports any pain or crepitus

•Effects: gives only functional information about the client’s willingness to move

Limited by pain 

100

What is a symptom?

body’s response to injury/stress eg. headache

100

Why would a therapist perform a differential ax?


A therapist performs a differential assessment to identify the root cause of symptoms and guide effective treatment planning.

100

What is a goniometer and how do you use it?

A goniometer is a tool used to measure the range of motion (ROM) of a joint.

A standard goniometer consists of:

• Body: A full circle on which 0⁰ to 360⁰ are drawn

• Stationary Arm: It is part of the body, cannot move independently

• Moving Arm: Attached to fulcrum in the center of body 

100

What are the causes of constipation?


  • Lifestyle factors: poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, resisting the urge, stress, postural imbalances
  • Physiological factors: poor muscle control or muscle tone or lack of coordination, psychological factors, medication side effects, post-surgery effects, gastrointestinal conditions, physiological and structural disorders, pregnancy and early postpartum, underlying disorders (ex. Diabetes, Parkinson’s, MS, hypothyroidism)

200

What does positive PRROM indicate? (Passive relaxed range of motion)

Joint Structures 

- joint capsule >  non contractile a vascular 

- ligaments    >  non contractile a vascular


•the range of motion of a joint when the therapist moves the limb or joint without any active effort from the client.

*Assesses the hypermobility or hypomobility of a joint

•Therapist moves joint through planes of motion that are normal for the joint

•Performed carefully and gently, to allow client to fully relax

•Restriction or hypermobility is noted

•Client reports pain (if present)

Therapist must stop the motion at the point of pain 

•Two hands should be in contact with the client at all times

22•Stabilization should be distal to each peripheral joint

•The client should NOT assist in the movement

•Is performed with no assistance from the client

200

Review structures that plumb line passes through

Anterior:

  • Nose, manubrium, sternal notch, xiphisternum, umbilicus, pubic symphysis

Lateral:

  • Auditory meatus, acromion, gr. Trochanter, head of fibula and just anterior to lateral malleolus.
200

What is the order of ROM testing?


AF ROM - Active Free Range of Motion 

PR ROM - Passive Relaxed Range of Motion 

Overpressure / Passive Forced 

AR ROM - Active Resisted Range of Motion

200

What position is commonly the “starting” for 0 when measuring using a goniometer?

•The axis (fulcrum) of the goniometer will be placed over the joint. The moving arm follows the motion. Neutral extension at each joint is recorded as 0 degrees. As the joint flexes, motion progresses toward 180 degrees

With most joints the measurement is started from the anatomical position 


200

What position should the client be in for abdominal massage?

Supine

300

What does ARROM test for? (Active resisted range of motion) 

Tendons and sometimes neuro



ARROM Active Resisted Range of Motion, tests the strength and function of specific muscles or muscle groups. In this test, the client actively moves a joint against resistance provided by the therapist.

The purpose of an ARROM test is to evaluate:

    1.    Muscle Strength: To assess how strong a particular muscle or group of muscles is.

    2.    Muscle Function: To determine if the muscle is functioning properly during resistance.

    3.    Pain Response: To identify any pain or discomfort during resisted movements  


ARROM is often part of a clinical assessment to pinpoint the cause of a client’s symptoms and guide treatment.

300

Open ended question?

“tell me about your problem” does not restrict responses

300

How does the pelvis move during walking?


Moves laterally and vertically - sideways figure 8 motion 

300

What are the components of massage?

direction, pressure, rhythm, rate, duration, part

300

What does abdominal treatment look like for constipation? (walk through techniques)



  • Start with effleurage to warm up the tissue. Sun and moon effleurage. vibrations . 
  • Starting with fingertip kneading, applied from the distal colon to the proximal colon. Pressure is always applied in a clockwise direction. Moving from the sigmoid colon, superiorly along the descending colon, to the splenic flexure, across the transverse colon to the hepatic flexure, and inferiorly to the cecum. This is repeated a few times. The therapist now applies the same techniques beginning at the proximal colon and moving to the distal colon; starting point is cecum and moving towards the sigmoid colon, using fingertip kneading. Repeated a few times. 
  • Working from distal to proximal 
  • With the vibrations of the colon - starting sigmoid colon, splenic flexure, hepatic flexure, ileocecal area
400

Isometric Resistance

muscle is placed at a length that will allow maximum contraction, which is mid-range.

–A muscle that is fully lengthened or fully shortened does not have sufficient power to fully contract

–Stabilization is required to prevent joint movement

400

Closed ended questions?

“does it hurt when you stand” directs yes/no questions only

400

Where is the centre of gravity located?

2” anterior to 2nd sacral vertebrae (higher in men due to greater body mass in shoulders)

400

List the forms of tapotement from deepest/heaviest to lightest.

heavy to light:

  • Beating 
  • Clapping/cupping
  • Hacking 
  • Tapping
  • Pincement 
400

What hydrotherapy is effective for stress? (examples not just temperature)



  • Before massage, if possible, full-body application such as a whirlpool or steam cabinet 
  • Thermophore can be placed on the massage table where clients trunk will be positioned
  • Local heat applications such as a theromphore or hydrocollator (used on a particularly tight area; low back or neck)
  • Heat on feet or abdomen may also feel pleasant to some
  • Paraffin wax
  • Sauna, hot tub, hot bath 


500

Isotonic Resistance

assesses the strength of the muscle throughout the available range

–Therapist slowly applies resistance while the client meets the force, then the joint is moved

–Care is taken at the inner and outer ranges


500

Where does stabilization occur when performing ROM testing?

Distal to each peripheral joint

500

What are the differences between males and females gait patterns?

Gait Parameters that are significantly decreased in woman compared with men:

  • velocity 
  • stride and step length 
  • proportional distance of centre of gravity from ground
  • sagittal hip motion
  • knee flexion in initial swing
  • width of base of support
  • vertical head excursion 
  • lateral head excursion
  • shoulder sagittal motion 
  • elbow flexion. 
500

Which structures does fecal matter pass through (in order) from the ileocecal valve to the sigmoid


In class all hot teachers sing disgusting songs 

  • Ileocecal valve
  • Cecum
  • Ascending colon
  • Hepatic flexure
  • Transverse colon
  • Splenic flexure
  • Descending colon 
  • Sigmoid colon
500

What is stress reactivity? What is it affected by?



  • Stress reactivity is individual, relating to the body’s physiological response to a trigger. Stressors can cause uncontrolled and excessive responses in many systems of the body
  • it is usually affected by the degree and the duration of the stressor