Pruning
The swollen area where the trunk meets the bottom of a branch. You want to leave this intact when making a pruning cut.
The Branch Collar
These marks on a twig when a leaf falls off are often visible under buds.
Leaf Scars
This outter layer provides protection and insulation for the interior of the tree.
Bark
Leaves contain cells with chloroplasts where this process occurs.
Photosynthesis
Roots grow to search out oxygen and this in the soil
Water
This cut is used when pruning a heavy branch and helps keep the bark from ripping.
3-Point Cut
These trees will shed foliage at the end of their growing season, typically in the fall.
Deciduous Trees
This wood serves as a structural center, providing mechanical support for the rest of the tree.
Heartwood
The products of photosynthesis are glucose and this gas.
Oxygen
Roots main functions are storage, absorption, conduction and this
Anchorage/stability
A raised strip of bark on the top of the stem where it meets the trunk and ends before the branch collar. It helps demonstrate how well the branch is connected to the trunk.
Branch-Bark Ridge
The Acronym MAD, meaning Maple - Ash - Dogwood, is a way to remember trees that have buds and twigs with what arrangement?
Opposite Arrangement
Layer with a series of vessels that transport the sugars (photosynthates) from the top of the tree down to the rest of it.
Phloem
Plants use water, carbon dioxide, and this to carry out photosynthesis.
Sunlight
How to roots end up in water pipes?
The pipe was already cracked or damaged, and the roots were seeking water.
This cut is used when, instead of removing an entire branch from the trunk, you cut the branch back to the next largest, healthiest branch.
Reduction Cut
Small pores that are responsible for gas exchange in woody parts of a tree. They are not always visible on the trunk, but can usually be seen on twigs.
Lenticels
This is the layer where cell differentiation and division occurs, helping to generate the inner and outer layers surrounding it.
Cambium
Water enters the tree through the roots using this process.
Osmosis
These kinds of roots grow straight down from the trunk, typically seen in younger trees.
Tap Roots
This pruning technique, with an animal-inspired name, involves removing excessive branches from the lower part of a tree.
Lion Tailing
This species is one of the few deciduous conifers, known for its characteristic "knees."
Bald Cypress
Another term for this layer is the sapwood, which is part of the vascular system and works alongside the phloem. It is responsible for transporting water and nutrients from the roots to the crown of the tree.
Xylem
This is the loss of water through foliage in the form of water vapor from small openings called stomata.
Transpiration
These roots grow vertically providing anchorage and access to water.
Sinker Roots