Airway & Respiratory
What is the most common cause of respiratory distress in infants?
Bronchiolitis
A 6-year-old presents with a heart rate of 50 bpm, altered mental status, and poor perfusion. What is the FIRST intervention?
Begin high-quality CPR and support oxygenation/ventilation
What is the leading cause of death in pediatric trauma?
Head injury
What is the most common cause of seizures in young children?
Febrile seizures
What is the dose of epinephrine (1:10,000) in cardiac arrest for pediatrics?
0.01 mg/kg
What is the preferred initial oxygen delivery method for a conscious pediatric patient in distress?
Blow-by oxygen or non-rebreather mask (as tolerated)
In pediatric bradycardia with a pulse and poor perfusion, what medication and dose is indicated after oxygenation/ventilation are optimized?
Epinephrine 0.01 mg/kg (1:10,000) IV/IO
What is the appropriate spinal motion restriction method for infants?
Padding under torso to maintain neutral alignment
What blood glucose level is considered hypoglycemic in pediatrics?
<60 mg/dL
What medication is used for pediatric anaphylaxis?
Epinephrine IM
What is the pediatric indication for CPAP use?
Moderate to severe respiratory distress with adequate mental status
A pediatric patient is in SVT with a rate of 220, stable blood pressure, and no altered mental status. What is your first-line treatment?
Vagal maneuvers (e.g., ice to face / Valsalva)
What is a key sign of compensated shock in children?
Tachycardia with normal blood pressure
What condition presents with a barking cough and stridor?
Croup
What is the dose of albuterol for a pediatric nebulizer treatment?
2.5 mg
What is the normal respiratory rate range for a toddler?
24–40 breaths per minute
If vagal maneuvers fail in stable pediatric SVT, what medication and initial dose should be administered?
Adenosine 0.1 mg/kg rapid IV push (max 6 mg), followed by flush
What is the pediatric rule for estimating weight (in kg)?
(Age x 2) + 8
What is the hallmark triad of epiglottitis?
Drooling, dysphagia, distress
What medication is used to treat pediatric seizures in the field?
Midazolam or Diazepam
What is the most reliable early sign of respiratory failure in pediatrics?
Altered mental status or fatigue
A pediatric patient is pulseless with ventricular fibrillation on the monitor. Outline the defibrillation sequence.
Immediate defibrillation at 2 J/kg → resume CPR → escalate to 4 J/kg → continue CPR with epinephrine every 3–5 minutes and consider antiarrhythmics
What is the priority intervention for a tension pneumothorax?
Needle decompression
What pediatric condition causes severe dehydration and high blood glucose without ketosis?
HHS (Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State)
What is the pediatric dose of naloxone?
0.1 mg/kg (max 2 mg)