General Biology
Who is the founder of the idea behind natural selection?
Charles Darwin
What is a gene
DNA sequence that encodes an RNA molecule
Does all RNA turn into proteins?
No, think tRNA and rRNA
What is the organelle where further packaging and processing occurs for proteins after leaving the ER?
golgi apparatus
Who discovered pasteurization?
Louis Pasteur
Describe the basic outline of the Central Dogma of Biology
DNA-> mRNA -> protein
How many chromosomes are in a human cell?
46
What is the protein that induces or suppresses the expression of a gene?
transcription factor
What is the name of the pathway for proteins that are going to be exported out of the cell or embedded into the membrane?
secretory pathway
Who first cloned an animal?
Wilmut Campbell
Name the four macromolecules
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Does transcription always follow DNA replication? Explain
No
Do all transcribed proteins have secondary structures? Name 3 secondary structures
No
What is the name of the formation in which cholesterol aggregates together on the cell membrane?
lipid rafts
Who started the research into radioactivity?
Marie Curie
What is telomerase?
An enzyme that makes snips in the DNA during transcription to prevent supercoiling
Which two events in Meiosis make Meiosis distinct from Mitosis?
independent assortment and crossing over
What is the post translational modification that signals a protein needs to be degraded?
ubiquitination
What is the three legged monomer to clathrin coats?
triskelion
WHo discovered Jumping Genes?
What is the ribosomal subunit called? EX: 70S
Svedberg
What is the term in which one gene product hides the expression of another gene product?
epistasis
What are the only three amino acids that can get phosphorylated?
serine, threonine, and tyrosine
What type of vesicles are formed during anterograde transport of proteins from the ER to the golgi?
COP II vesicles
Who discovered CRISPR?
Emmanuelle Charpenteier and Jennifer Voudna