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Early Medieval Europe
Early Greece
Greek Culture
Early Rome
100

This barbarian group settled in modern-day Spain.

Visigoths

100
He ended debt bondage, published laws, and encouraged political participation in Athens.
Solon
100
His teaching method involved asking probing questions.
Socrates
100
This influential body in Roman government gave advice and formulated proposals but did not pass laws.
the Senate
200

He was the first of the Carolingian rulers to declare himself king.

Pippin III

200
They were conquered peoples, treated as a slave-like workforce by the Spartans.
helots
200
Generally conducted outside, this was a central practice in Greek religion.
sacrifice
200
He led an army across the Alps and defeated many Roman armies during the Second Punic War.
Hannibal
300

This barbarian custom was rejected by the church in early medieval Europe.

polygamy

300
This practice allowed Athenian citizens to banish fellow citizens for a period of ten years.
ostracism
300
This common practice in ancient Greece was tied to a stage in life rather than personal identity.
homosexuality
300
The losers in the Battle of Zama.
Carthaginians
400

Under the manorial system, this group provided military service in exchange for land.

knights

400
These heavily armed Greek infantry most frequently fought in a formation called a phalanx.
hoplites
400
This philosophical school advocated the pursuit of pleasure – in the form of friendship and avoidance of politics.
Epicureanism
400
They sought land reform by bypassing the Senate and appealing to the popular assembly.
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
500

He ruled a kingdom that included modern France, Germany, and northern Italy, and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor by the pope in 800 CE.

Charlemagne

500
They contributed to the decline of the Mycenaeans – either as external invaders or unruly lower classes.
Dorians
500

He discovered a method for accurately calculating the circumference of the earth.

Eratosthenes

500
He helped to politicize the army by accepting landless recruits, promising land for service, and accepting a direct oath of loyalty.
Marius