At one time, the use of leeches to treat medical problems was quite common. If a person suffered from a snake bite or a bee sting, leeches were believed to be capable of removing the poison from the body if they were placed on top of the wound. They have also been used for blood letting and to stop hemorrhages, although neither of these leech treatments would be considered acceptable by present-day physicians. Today, leeches are still used on a limited basis. Most often, leeches are used to drain blood from clogged veins. This results in little pain for the patient and also ensures the patient's blood will not clot while it is being drained.
The main purpose of the passage is:
A) to discuss the benefits of using leeches to treat blocked veins.
B) to give an overview of how leeches have been used throughout history.
C) to compare which uses of leeches are effective and which are not.
D) to explain how leeches can be used to remove poison from the body.
B) to give an overview of how leeches have been used throughout history.
When online file-sharing programs emerged, the music industry changed forever. Perhaps the first widely-used music file sharing program was Napster. It allowed users to sign up to use the service at no charge. Then, they could download music files from other users all over the world by simply typing in what song or album they wanted. Obviously, this was bad news for music artists and record labels because they weren't making any profits from downloaded music. Eventually, Napster was shut down. While it later reinvented itself as a paying service, other free music-sharing sites cropped up almost immediately. Even though several sites and individual users have been charged, there are still countless individuals who log onto these sites to obtain free music.
The main problem associated with peer file-sharing sites is:
A) it is hard to locate users to criminally charge them.
B) there are too many of them currently in existence.
C) they allow users to sign up for the service free of charge.
D) they prevent artists and labels from earning money.
D) they prevent artists and labels from earning money.
Zoos are places that serve no other purpose than to allow greedy owners to make money.
Some of the world's most endangered animals can be found in zoos, where they are protected from poachers and predators.
What does the second sentence do?
A) It challenges the first.
B) It provides an example.
C) It supports the first.
D) It restates the first.
A) It challenges the first.
Select the best version of the italicized part of the sentence.
Children who aren't nurtured during infancy are more likely to develop attachment disorders, *which can cause persisting and severely problems* later in life.
A) which can cause persistent and severe problems
B) they can cause persistent and severe problem
C) that can cause persisting and severe problem
D) which can cause persisting and severely problems
A) which can cause persistent and severe problems
Bats and dolphins use a process known as echolocation, which means they emit and receive frequencies that can help them navigate through the dark night and murky waters, and also allows them to locate food sources like insects or fish.
Rewrite, beginning with: Locating food sources like insects or fish...
A) during which they emit and receive frequencies
B) is done through a process known as echolocation
C) helps them navigate through the dark night
D) is done by bats and dolphins
B) is done through a process known as echolocation
The Amazon Rainforest is one of the most important ecosystems in the world. However, it is slowly being destroyed. Areas of the rainforest are being cleared for farms and roads, and much of the wood is also being harvested and sold. There are several compelling reasons to protect this area. First, a significant number of pharmaceuticals are made from plants that have been discovered in the rainforest, and it's quite possible there are still important plants that have not yet been discovered. Secondly, the rainforest provides a significant portion of the world's oxygen and also absorbs great amounts of carbon dioxide. Without rainforests, global warming could accelerate.
The main purpose of the passage is:
A) to discuss how the rainforest has helped in the development of medications.
B) to argue that rainforest destruction is a major cause of global warming.
C) to explain why the Amazon Rainforest should be protected.
D) to present the major reasons why the Amazon Rainforest is being destroyed.
C) to explain why the Amazon Rainforest should be protected.
Howard Gardner was a psychologist best known for developing the theory of multiple intelligences. Basically, the theory states that the idea of general intelligence or overall intelligence is somewhat inaccurate. This is because people often show intelligence in different areas. He argued that there are actually different types of intelligence. One type of intelligence that Gardner identified was interpersonal intelligence. People who possess this type of intelligence relate and interact well with others. Intrapersonal intelligence, on the other hand, implies that people are in touch with their own feelings. They enjoy thinking about theories and developing their own thoughts and ideas. People who have linguistic intelligence learn best by taking notes and reading textbooks. These people usually excel in traditional academic environments, as many academic subjects stress these types of activities. The other types of intelligence are kinesthetic, musical, spatial, and logical/mathematical.
We can conclude from the passage that
A) Gardner believed that linguistic intelligence was the most desirable type to have.
B) People who have mathematical intelligence would do the best on a standard IQ test.
C) Most people who have a high level of intrapersonal intelligence do well in school.
D) People who have a high level of interpersonal intelligence work well in groups.
D) people who have a high level of interpersonal intelligence work well in groups.
Elephants are highly intelligent animals that are known to display several human-like behaviors.
When a member of their herd dies, elephants create graves for their fallen comrades, and have been known to visit burial sites years after the elephant's death.
What does the second sentence do?
A) It offers a solution.
B) It restates the information from the first.
C) It provides a contrast.
D) It provides an example.
D) It provides an example.
Select the best version of the italicized part of the sentence.
While speed is a measure of how fast an object is moving, velocity measures how fast an object is moving *and also indicates in what direction* it is traveling.
A) and also indicates in what direction
B) and only indicated in what direction
C) and only indicates in which direction
D) and also indicate in which directions
A) and also indicates in what direction
Carbon dating is an accepted method used by archaeologists to figure out the age of artifacts, even though it may not be entirely accurate if samples are contaminated or if the objects to be dated are not extremely old.
Rewrite, beginning with: Even though carbon dating is not always entirely accurate...
A) it is an accepted method
B) objects to be dated
C) to figure out the age
D) samples are contaminated
A) it is an accepted method
The Internet has made life a whole lot easier for many people, but being online also brings with it very real risks. Hackers can steal personal and financial information. There are several precautions that computer users can take to minimize the level of risk that is involved with being online. One of the most obvious safety precautions is to purchase a good anti-virus and anti-spyware program. Passwords are also a very important part of online security, and several tips can help users create more secure passwords. First, they should be something that can easily be remembered, but they shouldn't be something others can guess easily. Your first or last name, phone number, or the name of your street are all bad choices, as people could learn this information quite easily. Longer passwords are more secure, and those that use a mixture of upper and lower case letters and a combination of letters and numbers are more secure than those that don't. Finally, passwords should be changed often. This can make remembering them more difficult, but the extra effort is worth the added security.
The main purpose of this passage is to:
A) talk about the importance of anti-virus programs.
B) discuss why certain types of passwords shouldn't be used.
C) discuss the major risks associated with Internet use.
D) outline important considerations for passwords.
D) outline important considerations for passwords.
When people are conducting research, particularly historical research, they usually rely on primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are the more direct type of information. They are accounts of an event that are produced by individuals who were actually present. Some examples of primary sources include a person's diary entry about an event, an interview with an eyewitness, a newspaper article, or a transcribed conversation. Secondary sources are pieces of information that are constructed through the use of other, primary sources. Often, the person who creates the secondary source was not actually present at the event. Secondary sources could include books, research papers, and magazine articles.
From the passage it can be assumed that:
A) secondary sources give more accurate information than primary sources.
B) primary sources provide more accurate information than secondary sources.
C) secondary sources are always used when books or articles are being written.
D) primary sources are easier to find than secondary sources.
B) primary sources provide more accurate information than secondary sources.
Aerobic exercises, which include biking and running, offer several benefits, including better cardiovascular health. Those who regularly walk or do other forms of aerobic exercise typically have a lower resting heart rate and suffer fewer heart problems.
What does the second sentence do?
A) It expands on the information in the first
B) It contradicts the information in the first
C) It presents an example
D) It offers a solution
A) It expands on the information in the first
Select the best version of the italicized part of the sentence.
Many companies are now using social networking sites like Facebook and MySpace *to market there service and product.*
A) which market their services and products
B) and market their service and products
C) to market their services and products
D) to market there service and product
C) to market their services and products
Chemical changes are sometimes difficult to distinguish from physical changes, but some examples of physical changes, such as melting water, chopped wood, and ripped paper, are very easy to recognize.
Rewrite, beginning with: Melting water, chopped wood, and ripped paper...
A) are some examples of physical changes
B) are chemical changes
C) are very easy to recognize
D) are sometimes difficult to distinguish
A) are some examples of physical changes
Many people fail to realize just how crucial getting a good night's sleep actually is. It is usually suggested that adults get about seven hours of sleep every night, and younger children should get even more. Sleep has several benefits. First, it is believed to improve memory. This is one reason why it is always preferable to sleep the night before a test rather than stay up for the entire night to review the information. On a related note, sleep also improves concentration and mental alertness. Those who get sufficient sleep are able to concentrate on work tasks better and also react faster when they are driving a car, for example. Finally, people who get enough sleep have better immunity against illness. The reason for this is not fully understood, but researchers believe that an increase in the production of growth hormone and melatonin plays a role.
The main purpose of this passage is:
A) to present strategies for improving memory and concentration.
B) to discuss how much sleep people should get.
C) to talk about the benefits of sleep.
D) To identify which hormones can boost immunity.
C) to talk about the benefits of sleep.
Feudalism was a type of social system that existed in parts of Europe during the Middle Ages. Essentially, there were several different classes within a feudal society. The king controlled all of the land in his jurisdiction. He divided this land among a few barons. The barons then divided up the land they were given and distributed it to knights. It was then split up again and distributed to serfs, who were the lowest members of feudal society. They were permitted to farm a small section of land, but they had to give a portion of their food to the knights in exchange for this privilege. They also had to give free labor to the knights who allowed them to use their land. Serfs had very few rights; they weren't even allowed to leave their land without permission from the knight who controlled the land. The system of feudalism ended when money began to be used as currency instead of land.
It can be concluded that:
A) serfs were in a better position when the economy changed to a money-based one.
B) Most feudal societies in Europe were ruled by more than one king.
C) There were more knights in a typical feudal society than barons.
D) The knights did not have to do anything for the barons in exchange for land.
C) there were more knights in a typical feudal society than barons.
Despite advancements in contraceptive technologies, teen pregnancy is still a huge problem in the United States. Many schools are choosing not to teach students about contraception, and that means many may not be aware of how to obtain effective contraceptives.
What does the second sentence do?
A) It restates the information in the first.
B) It provides an explanation.
C) It offers a solution.
D) It expands on the information in the first.
B) It provides an explanation.
Select the best version of the italicized part of the sentence.
An autoclave is a tool used mainly in hospitals *to sterilizing surgical tools and hypodermic needles.*
A) to sterilizing surgical tools and hypodermic needles
B) for sterilize surgical tools and hypodermic needles
C) for sterilizing the surgical tool and hypodermic needle
D) to sterilize surgical tools and hypodermic needles
D) to sterilize surgical tools and hypodermic needles
The theory of repressed memory was developed by Sigmund Freud, and it stated that all people store memories that cannot be accessed during daily life, but can be accessed through hypnotherapy and hypnosis.
Rewrite, beginning with: Developed by Sigmund Freud,...
A) hypnotherapy and hypnosis
B) that cannot be accessed
C) it stated that all people
D) the theory of repressed memory
D) the theory of repressed memory
A bird's feathers are extremely important, and when they clean and smooth them, it is known as preening. Birds in the wild preen their feathers on a regular basis. This is true of most captive birds as well, but not all. For example, some birds do not preen their feathers at all. This problem is most common in birds that are taken from their mothers at a very young age. Presumably, the absence of preening is due to the fact that they were never shown how to do it properly. A more common problem among captive birds is excessive preening. Some birds may pull out large numbers of their feathers or bite them down to the skin. It should be noted that wild birds never exhibit this kind of behavior. There are several suggestions about how the problem of excessive preening can be solved. Giving birds baths or placing them in an area that has more activity to prevent boredom are suggestions. However, these measures are often not sufficient to solve the problem.
The purpose of the passage is:
A) to discuss why preening is important.
B) to explain how excessive preening problems can be solved.
C) to compare captive birds to wild birds.
D) to give an overview of abnormal preening in birds.
D) to give an overview of abnormal preening in birds.
Hibernation in animals is an extremely fascinating phenomenon, one that biologists are not yet close to understanding fully. However, it is quite easy to understand why animals hibernate during the cold winter months. Usually, it is because their food is quite scarce during this time. Animals that are herbivores will find the winters extremely tough, because all of the vegetation will have died off by the time winter arrives. Hibernation is essentially a way of dealing with this food shortage. Animals like birds rely on seeds and small insects for sustenance. Obviously, these will also be quite scarce in the winter when the ground becomes covered and frozen. Many birds address their upcoming food shortage in quite a different way: they migrate to warmer areas where their sources of food will be plentiful.
The main reason animals hibernate is:
A) to cut down on their food consumption during the winter months.
B) to avoid food shortages that occur during the winter months.
C) to travel to a warmer area where food will be more plentiful.
D) to avoid the harsh weather that occurs during the winter months.
B) to avoid food shortages that occur during the winter months.
Although it may seem impossible, solving a Rubik's Cube is quite doable if one knows about the various solving methods. Manipulating the cube so that all of the corner pieces are in their correct positions and then essentially filling in the blanks is a time-consuming but effective solving method.
What does the second sentence do?
A) It expands on the information in the first.
B) It restates the information in the first.
C) It offers an explanation.
D) It contrasts with the first.
A) It expands on the information in the first.
Select the best version of the italicized part of the sentence.
The bizarre creatures known by electric eels are capable of emitting an incredible 600 volts of electricity.
A) The bizarre creatures known as electric eels
B) The bizarre creatures known to electric eels
C) A bizarre creature known as electric eels
D) The bizarre creatures known by electric eels
A) The bizarre creatures known as electric eels
Romantic poetry is an important genre, and the works are easily distinguished from other types of poetry by several characteristics, including their focus on nature and the importance that is ascribed to everyday occurrences.
Rewrite, beginning with: A focus on nature and the importance that is ascribed to everyday occurrences...
A) from other types of poetry
B) is an important genre
C) are easily distinguished
D) are several characteristics
D) are several characteristics