Applied Teaching Strategies
What are the three traditional philosophies of education?
Essentialism, Perennialism, and Behaviorism
Essentialism
Philosophy that emphasizes teaching core subjects such as reading, writing, math, science & history, through structured lessons & high academic standards.
Child-and-community-centered schooling
Philosophy that emphasizes student-centered learning & connects education to needs of community & real-world experiences.
Why did education become a national security concern after Sputnik?
The soviet union had demonstrated an intellectual upper hand in the space race.
What is Content Integration?
The extent to which teachers use examples and content from a variety of cultures in their teaching
What are the three progressive philosophies of education?
Child-and-community-centered schooling, Social Reconstruction, and Multiculturalism/Sociocultural Approach
Perennialism
Philosophy that focuses on teaching timeless knowledge, classic works & critical thinking skills that are valuable in every generation
Multiculturalism/Sociocultural Approach
Philosophy that focuses on learning about multiculturalism and recognizing diverse cultures. Emphasizing and promoting democratization.
How did Carter G. Woodson leave an impact on how we remember black history?
He created Black History Week, that eventually turned into Black History Month.
What is Equity Pedagogy?
Exists when teachers modify their teaching in a way that will facilitate the academic achievement of students from diverse backgrounds.
What was the purpose of perennialism?
Cultivating the mind, instilling timeless virtues & advancing the search through truth.
Behaviorism
Philosophy that focuses on learning through reinforcement, reception & rewards/consequences to shape behavior
Social Reconstruction
Philosophy that encourages students to address social issues & work toward improving society.
What organization was created in 1909 by W.E.B. Du bois and John Dewey?
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
What is knowledge construction?
Helping students determine how the implicit cultural assumptions, frames of reference, perspectives and biases within a discipline influence the ways knowledge is constructed.
What is the role of the teacher in social reconstruction?
To raise consciousness about social problems & provide tools for social critique & social action.
Idealism
The belief that ideas, the mind, and spiritual or mental realities are the true foundation of existence, rather than the physical material world
Pragmatism
A practical philosophy that judges the truth and value of ideas by their real-world consequences and usefulness.
Who developed the spiral curriculum, as a response to Sputnik’s success?
Jerome Bruner
What is Prejudice Reduction?
Focuses on how teaching methods and materials influence students outlook/prejudices/biases
What was the preferred curriculum for multiculturalism?
A broad array of knowledge in traditional subjects, with an emphasis on respectful understanding of culture & peoples. *Daily Double*
Realism
The belief that the physical world exists independently of the human mind, and that objective truth is discovered through observation, experience, and scientific inquiry
Postmodernism
A critical movement that rejects universal truths, absolute objectivity, and rigid standardized curriculums in favor of multiple perspectives, student diversity, and localized meaning.
What was the backlash of progressive schooling?
Education shifted to a skills based curriculum
What is an empowering school culture?
A school culture that gives all students equal opportunities to feel included, valued, and successful.