Pathophysiology
Individuals with ____________ are at a significantly higher risk of developing active TB from a latent infection.
(HIV/AIDS or other immunosuppressed patients)
TB can cause distinct sounds on auscultation such as __________, often heard after a cough, indicating fluid or inflammation in the small airways/alveoli.
(crackles or rales)
In ________ TB, intact granulomas prevent bacterial replication and there is no tissue destruction.
(latent)
___________ results from spread of the bacilli throughout the body with common sites being the lungs, liver, kidney, spleen.
(Miliary tuberculosis)
When you have purulent or blood tinged sputum, it is called _________.
(hemoptysis)
________ TB is characterized by progressive caseous necrosis, cavitation, and a high bacterial burden.
(Active)
TB infection becomes contained within caseating granulomas, forming a _______ immune response in the lung with drainage to hilar lymph nodes.
(ghon focus)
A chronic cough, fever, night sweats, and ____________ are classic symptoms of active TB.
(unintentional weight loss)
True or false - Latent TB produces negative sputum cultures but is still contagious.
(false)
TB has 3 main virulence factors: _______, ________, and _______.
(mycolic acids, cord factor, and sulfatides)
The most common site for extrapulmonary tuberculosis is _________.
(the lymph nodes)
_________ TB preferentially involves the upper lobes, likely due to reduced lymphatic drainage.
(Active)