Micro, more or less
Presentation
Drugs
Culture
Misc
100
Respiratory droplets of this size (small, medium, large, jumbo) are more likely to transmit TB.
What is small?
100
Cavitation is more likely to occur in this stage of TB.
What is secondary or reactivated?
100
Cynthia Hernandez is a 35-year-old woman who presents with mild headache without facial pain, sinus congestion, post-nasal drip, producing mucus (slightly yellow) for about one week. She is afebrile and has no significant past medical history.
This class of antibiotics would be the most appropriate to prescribe.
What is none?
^_^
100
This hit 1996 Broadway musical is loosely based on the Puccini opera La Bohème, which features Mimì, who—spoiler alert—dies of tuberculosis.
What is RENT?
100
This many people died of TB in 2020.
What is 1.5 million?
200
In active TB, macrophages undergo ___cell death whereas in latent TB, they probably undergo ____cell death____.
What is necrosis / apoptosis?
200
This chest X-ray is from a person in this stage of TB.
What is primary?
200
Rheumatoid arthritis patients being started on this class of drugs must be tested for latent TB.
What are TNF inhibitors?
Bonus: name some, i'll give u 100 points for each
200
This was the common 19th century English name for tuberculosis.
What is consumption?
Also ok, i guess: the white plague, phthisis
200
The V/Q ratio is highest at the ______ and lowest at the ________.
The ______ of the lungs receive the least ventilation.
The V/Q ratio is highest at the apex and lowest at the base.
The apices of the lungs receive the least ventilation.
300
60-90 carbon chains of this cell wall molecule make Mtb highly hydrophobic.
What is mycolic acid?
Bonus: What is one implication of this hydrophobic quality?
300
______ is a multisystem disease of unknown etiology whose granulomas can be distinguished from those of TB because they are _________.
What is sarcoidosis / noncaseating?
300
Not a drug, srry:
Is TB in a 1 year old more or less concerning than in a 25 year old and why?
1 year old. Majority progress and much more likely to be disseminated.
Infants less able to have full-fledged Th1 response. Macrophages make less IL-12 and Th1 make less IFNγ.
300
This physician, about whom Mountains Beyond Mountains was written, smartly ignored WHO directives not to treat MDR-TB in developing countries in the 2000s.
Who is Paul Farmer?
300
INH can interact with this class of HIV drugs.
What are protease inhibitors?
also, NNRTIs.
400
People born with a deficiency in this cytokine's receptor won't be able to effectively differentiate Th0 cells to Th1 cells, predisposing to progressive primary TB.
What is IL-12?
400
Lymph nodes are more likely to be enlarged in this stage of TB.
What is primary?
Bonus: Why are they less likely to enlarge in reactivated TB?
400
TB drugs: _______ may decrease the effectiveness of warfarin (and ___________ may increase the effectiveness of warfarin).
What are rifampin and isoniazid?
Rifampin may decrease the anticoagulant effect of warfarin by enhancing CYP450 hepatic microsomal enzyme metabolism of warfarin.
Isoniazid may increase the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, perhaps by inhibition of warfarin metabolism.
400
This classic “enchanting alpine” novel by Thomas Mann largely takes places in a TB sanatorium high up in the Swiss Alps.
What is The Magic Mountain?
400
PEARLS is an acronym for this.
What is "Patient-centered Explorations in Active Reasoning, Learning and Synthesis"?
(no Oxford comma)
500
This feature of Mtb may explain its tendency to grow in the apices of the lung in reactivated TB.
What is oxygen dependence (i.e., it is aerobic)?
Bonus: What lobes is primary infection more likely in and why?
500
TB involvement in this organ may lead to perpetually tanned, JFK-like skin through the upregulation of proopiomelanocortin (POMC).
What are the adrenal glands?
500
Mutations in this enzyme, which activates isoniazid, are associated with INH resistance.
What is katG?
500
Not cultural, srry:
This is the infectious dose (ID50) of M. tuberculosis.
What is <10 bacilli?
500
Vitamin B6 is needed for synthesis of _________, so the TB drug ________ can lead to ______ anemia.
protoporphyrin
INH
sideroblastic
& also peripheral neuropathy (B6 is needed for GABA synthesis)