Feeding, Swallowing
There are _#_ stages of swallowing
4.
Oral preparatory
Oral transit
Pharyngeal
Esophageal
Maximum cryotherapy application time (for ice pack & ice massage)
10-15 minutes ice pack (wrapped in towels)
3-5 min ice massage
Skin breakdown precautions
getting out of bed, switching positions in bed, using pillows to elevate heels, hydration, close monitoring of "hot spots"
This intervention approach focuses on promoting the development of foundational skills necessary for future academic success, social interactions, and daily living tasks.
Sensory integration / sensory processing
Age an infant can start to hold a spoon vs approx when they can independently feed themselves w/ spoon
hold a spoon 10-12 mo
independently feed w/ spoon - ~24 mo
Dysarthia and Dysphagia have this in common in regards to meal time.
difficulty with swallowing (due to weakened or paralyzed lips, tongue, vocal cords, diaphragm)
Contraindications of using Superficial Thermal agents (lots of answers!)
active wounds/bleeding/skin breakdown/infection, areas of impaired sensation, pts with DVT, severe edema, severe cardiac/vascular disease/failure, rheumatoid arthritis, those with cognitive or communication disorders that wouldn't be able to respond in a timely manner.
Spinal PX
BLT! No bending, lifting, twisting 6-8 weeks
Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR) has an onset at a certain week
37 gestational weeks
Type of grasp displayed when a 4 mo old infant holds a small toy block without use of thumb
primitive squeeze grasp
A client has NPO on their chart, what does that indicate?
NPO is the Latin term nil per os, which means nothing by mouth
The therapeutic temperature range for Paraffin baths should be between ____ to _____
125 to 130 degrees F
Sternal PX
No push/pull, do not raise arms above 90 degrees, do lot lift over 5-10 lbs (usually no heavier than a gallon of milk), do not put both hands behind back, avoid movements that require both arms, avoid reaching overhead or far across body.
If a palmer reflex does not integrate, what would be expected an OTA would see/work on
difficulty with fine motor control, poor dexterity, messy handwriting
age an infant can use pincer grasp
7-8 mo
A client with Dysphagia benefits from a ________ sitting position using the _______position during entirety of bite/sip/swallow sequence.
90 degree sitting position
chin tuck , to reduce aspiration risk
Contraindications to electrotherapy
implantible devices such as pacemakers,DVT, bleeding/hemorrhagic disorders, cardiac disease,infection, confusion or cognitive decrease, seizure disorders, never used on abdomen on pregnant individuals, pelvic area, lower back, or head/neck.
Weight bearing precautions (documentation abbreviations acceptable)
PWB= partial weight bearing
TTWB = toe touch weight bearing
WBAT= weight bearing as tolerated
NWB= non-weight bearing
When ATNR & STNR should integrate. If retained, what can be impacted?
ATNR: 4-6 mo
STNR:9-11 mo
if retained, these reflexes can impact motor skills, crossing midline, poor hand/eye coordination, reading, writing, and posture
Age an infant can use a radial palmer grasp
5-6 mo
Poor oral hygiene can be a strong predictor/risk of ____________. How should the OTA complete an oral hygiene tx session w/ a Dysphagia diagnosis?
- aspiration pneumonia
- oral swab dipped in mouth wash to clean and kill bacteria/decreasing risk of infection.
Some contraindications for Ultrasound are _____.... Frequencies used in therapeutic ultrasound are typically between ___and____ MHz.
- should not be applied over bony prominences, poor blood flow, thrombosis, those who are pregnant, tumors, area near a pacemaker, specific joint replacements, fractures, growth plates, breast implants.
-1 to 3 megahurts (3 MHz superficial soft tissue injuries, 1 MHz deep collagenous tissue..even to bone)
Hip PX , anterior & posterior approaches (you got this!)
Anterior =EE (no extention, no external rotation beyond neutral, no adduction)
Posterior=no flexion past 90 degrees, no internal rotation, no adduction beyond neutral.
Typical gross motor development ages for:
-lifting head against gravity
-roll front to back
-roll back to front
-sit w/o support
-cruises
-stands w/o support
-walks
-lifting head against gravity, 2 mo
-roll front to back, 3 mo
-roll back to front, 5 mo
-sit w/o support, 6mo
-cruises, 9 mo
-stands w/o support, 10 mo
-walks, 12 to 15mo
When should a child demonstrate a tripod grasp? (dynamic and static)
dynamic: 4.5- 6 yrs old
static: 3.5 - 4 yrs old