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100
These are the most common type primary CNS tumors.
What are Gliomas. (meningiomas are 2nd most common overall, but #1 most common benign CNS primary tumors).
100
The muscles enervated by the Anterior Interossus Nerve
What are: FDP (digits 2 & 3), FPL, and the PQ. FDP flexes the DIP and PIP FPL flexes IP of thumb FYI: If AIN is injured, you cannot make the "OK" sign.
100
The associated signs and symptoms, other than pseudohypertrophy/Gower's sign, associated with Duchene's Muscular Dystropy. (Atleast 3 needed)
What are: proximal muscle weakness, scoliosis, increased FVC, and cardiomyopathy. DMD is X-linked, there is an inability to climb the stairs, intellectual impairment may or may not be impaired, and signs begin to appear <6yo.
100
This physical modality causes ↓Viscosity, ↑ Arterial and capillary blood flow, ↑ Nerve conduction velocity, ↑ Tendon extensibility, & ↑ Collagenase activity.
What is heat.
100
The gluteus maximus muscle is active during these phases of the gait cycle.
What is from terminal swing to initial contact. It is primarily active during the loading phase. Of note: Plantarflexors fire during Terminal stance and the Tibialis Anterior is primary muscle for clearance during the swing phase.
200
This is the most common primary malignant tumor of the brain in adults.
What is Glioblastoma multiforme. More than 90% of the primary malignant tumors of the brain in adults are high-grade astrocytomas and, of these, the most common is glioblastoma multiforme.
200
Increasing age and decreased body temperature lead to these changes during an EMG/NCS. (there are 3)
What is decreased conduction velocity, increased amplitude, and prolonged distal latency. Decreased Temperature = decreased conduction velocity Age: decreased conduction velocity in babies and elderly
200
This syndrome is associated with a weak suck and cry, symmetric weakness (LE>UE), and is due to degeneration of anterior horn (motor neurons) cells.
What is Spinal Muscular Atrophy. There are 3 types (I: Werdnig-Hoffman, II: intermediate; III: Kugelberg-Welander--mild and survives to adulthood)
200
The modality that involves transfer of thermal energy between 2 bodies in direct contact.
What is conduction (i.e. Hot water, cold packs, Paraffin baths, Hot packs (hydrocollator packs). Convection: uses movement of a medium to transport thermal energy between 2 bodies. Examples: Whirlpool, Fluidotherapy, Hydrotherapy, & Contrast baths. Conversion: transformation of energy into heat. Examples: Microwave, Ultrasound, vapo-coolant spray, Shortwave diathermy, Radiant heat (heat lamps).
200
These are the determinants of Gait (there are 6 of them).
What are: Pelvic rotation, Pelvic tilt, Knee flexion in stance phase, Foot mechanisms, Knee mechanisms, Lateral displacement of the pelvis. Of note, determinants help produce forward progression, minimize energy expenditure and COG displacement Lateral displacement of the hip reduces displacement on the horizontal plane, every other determinant displaces the vertical plane.
300
This common type of cancer is associated with osteoblastic lesions.
What is prostate cancer. Bony metastases from prostate cancer usually are blastic, whereas those from breast, lung, and kidney are typically lytic. Knowing whether a metastatic bone lesion is blastic or lytic is important, because lytic lesions have a higher risk of pathologic fracture.
300
First branch of the ulnar nerve
What is FCU
300
This syndrome is associated with pes cavus, nystagmus, absent DTR, and loss of vibratory and proprioceptive sensation. It is inherited and caused by a trinucleotide repeat expansion mutation.
What is Friedreich's Ataxia (aka Spinocerebellar Degeneration).
300
Ultrasound contraindications (5 required)
What are: Avoid near brain, cervical ganglia, spine, & laminectomy sites. Avoid near the heart, reproductive organs, near pacemakers, near tumors, on gravid or menstruating uterus, and at infection sites.
300
The quantitative measure of the center of gravity when standing upright.
What is 5cm anterior to S2. FYI: At mid-stance, ground reaction force is: Anterior to ankle, through the knee axis, and posterior to hip center
400
This type of cancer is associated with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome.
What is lung cancer (Small Cell)
400
Radiation plexopathy electrodiagnostic changes.
What are myokymic discharges
400
This type of cerebral palsy is associated with hearing loss due to kernicterus.
What is Athetoid/dyskinetic CP. CP is a non-progressive, motor, non-contagious condition that causes physical disability in human development. 75% occurs during pregnancy, 15% after childbirth, and 5% during childbirth. 3 types of CP: 1) Spastic (UMN)-75%. There are 3 subgroups (hemiplegia, diplegia, and tetraplegia). Spastic diplegia is most common in prematurity. Tetraplegia has highest association with seizures. 2) Ataxic (Extrapyramidal) 3) Athetoid/Dyskinetic (Extrapyramidal)
400
These type of muscle fibers are characterized by fast-twitch oxidative metabolic properties.
What is type 2A. Type 1 =slow-twitch with oxidative metabolic pathways. Type 2 = fast-twitch fibers. The type 2 fibers can then be further divided into fast-twitch oxidative (type 2a) and fast-twitch glyclolytic (type 2b).
400
The order of energy expenditure based on level of amputation (above, below, unilateral, or bilateral).
What is: AKA+AKA >200% AKA+BKA 118% AKA 60-70% BKA+BKA 41% BKA 25% increase Of note: Traumatic vs. Vascular Amputation Vascular BKA 40% increase Vascular AKA 100%
500
The most common primary malignant tumor of bone in children.
What are Osteosarcomas.
500
Filter settings for routine needle EMG
What is 20-30Hz for the low frequency and 10,000Hz for the high frequency.
500
These reflexes are present at birth. (name atleast 3)
What is the moro, rooting, plantar grasp, and automatic walking. The moro and rooting reflexes emerge at birth and disappears by 4-6 mo. Automatic walking emerges at birth and disappears by 4 mo. The plantar grasp emerges at birth a disappears around 12-14 mo. The Asymmetric tonic neck reflex emerges at 1–3 months and disappears at 6–7 months. The posterior protective extension reflex emerges at 7–8 months.
500
The amount of metabolic equivalents while lying quietly.
What is 1.0 mets. Physical Activity MET Light Intensity Activities < 3 mets sleeping 0.9 watching television 1.0 writing, desk work, typing 1.8 walking very slow on level ground 2.0 Moderate Intensity Activities 3 to 6 mets Bicycling or walking w/minimal effort 3-4 Calisthenics, climbing stairs 3-4 gardening 4-5 Sexual activity with known partner 5 Vigorous Intensity Activities > 6 mets jogging 7.0 calisthenics with heavy, vigorous effort 8.0 running or jogging, in place 8.0
500
Effects of the moving the axle anteriorly on a wheelchair. (Need atleast 3)
What is easier to move, less resistance & energy to propel, smaller turning radius, LESS stable, & more maneuverable. FYI: Posterior = increased stability & change in location of center of gravity (e.g. bilateral amputee), increased resistance, more energy to propel, greater turning radius, & more stable.