British vs. Patriot Advantages
Which side had the world’s strongest navy?
The British
Who led the Continental Army during the early years of the war?
George Washington
On what holiday night did Washington cross the Delaware River?
Christmas Night, 1776
Who was the British commander who captured Philadelphia in 1777?
General William Howe
In what state did the Battle of Saratoga take place?
New York
What was one major strength of the Patriots?
They fought on familiar ground / knew the terrain
What city did the British capture early in the war that became a major base?
New York City
Who were the enemy troops Washington surprised at Trenton?
Hessian mercenaries (German soldiers hired by the British)
Why was Philadelphia important to both sides?
It was the American capital and home of the Continental Congres
Which American general received Burgoyne’s surrender?
Horatio Gates
What major disadvantage did the Patriots have at the start of the war?
Lack of training, weapons, and supplies
What was the first major defeat for Washington’s army in 1776?
Battle of Long Island
What was the result of the Battle of Trenton?
Major Patriot victory; captured over 900 Hessians
Where did Washington’s army spend the harsh winter following the loss of Philadelphia?
Valley Forge
Who played a heroic role in the battle but later became a traitor?
Benedict Arnold
Why did the British struggle to maintain control over the colonies?
Long supply lines and lack of local support
Why did Washington retreat across New Jersey in late 1776?
To avoid being surrounded and to preserve his army
How did the Battle of Princeton help the Continental Army?
Boosted morale and encouraged new enlistments
What battle did Washington lose while defending Philadelphia?
Battle of Brandywine
What foreign nation joined the war as an ally after Saratoga?
France
What motivated many Patriots to keep fighting despite hardships?
Desire for independence and freedom
What was Washington’s strategy for keeping the army alive during early losses?
Avoid large battles and fight defensively until conditions improved
What famous quote described these victories as a “turning point” in morale?
“These are the times that try men’s souls.” – Thomas Paine
What was the major consequence of losing Philadelphia?
Congress had to flee, but the army gained discipline and unity at Valley Forge
Why is Saratoga called the “turning point” of the war?
It proved Americans could win and brought France into the war