Miscellaneous
Kesia has expressed interest in living a ______ life.
What is a soft life.
Define menopause.
What is 12 months of cessation of menses in someone over the age of 40.
"What is 12 months of cessation of menses" also accepted.
Weight loss is considered one of the B(ad) Symptoms associated with malignancy. Name the two others.
What is fever and night sweats.
What are 3 risk factors for breast cancer?
What are age, female assigned at birth, social history, obstetrics history, BRCA genes, family history, high breast density, etc.
It is primarily used to diagnose adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease) or Cushing's syndrome, requiring a fasting blood sample, an injection of synthetic ACTH, and subsequent blood draws to measure cortisol
ACTH stimulation test
What is considered the "normal" volume of menstrual bleeding per cycle.
What is 30-40 mL per cycle.
Post-menopausal bleeding is often the earliest sign of this condition.
Name an endocrinopathy that can present with unintentional weight loss.
Bonus 100 points if an additional condition can be listed.
What is T1DM, hypocortisolemia, hyperthyroidism.
This form of adjuvant therapy is commonly used for a lumpectomy or high-risk mastectomy.
What is Radiation therapy?
What is Waleed's favourite neurotransmitter?
What is Dopamine?
Chris has a fascination with this natural phenomenon.
What are Tornados.
Depletion of this hormone contributes to vaginal atrophy following menopause.
What is estrogen.
A 65 year old woman with HIV is coming in for cervical cancer screening. This is the method and frequency of screening.
What is HPV testing every 3 years, due to being immunocompromised.
Stage of a T2N3M1 breast cancer
What is Stage IV?
Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, hypotension, and diffuse hyperpigmentation results from autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex, with elevated ACTH but low cortisol and aldosterone levels.
What is primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease)?
Behrad's father mistakenly stopped taking this medication following a visit to see his other son in Vancouver.
What is insulin.
This is the "gold standard" investigation for diagnosing endometrial hyperplasia and cancer.
What is an endometrial biopsy.
This autoimmune condition contributes to unintentional weight loss due to malabsorption, and can present with both GI issues and respiratory infections.
What is Cystic Fibrosis.
MOA of aromatase inhibitors
Aromatase inhibitors work by blocking the aromatase enzyme, which normally converts androgens (male hormones) into estrogens (female hormones) in fat tissue, muscles, and skin, primarily used for postmenopausal breast cancer.
This medication type is used for symptomatic relief in patients with hyperthyroidism.
What are Beta Blockers.
When investigating AUB, this is often considered a diagnosis of exclusion.
What is AUB-E: Endometrium.
This medication is used to treat patients with breast cancer, but creates a state of unopposed estrogen.
What is tamoxifen.
The age range for colorectal cancer screening.
What is 50-74.
In average-risk women, this screening modality has the greatest mortality reduction but also leads to the highest rate of overdiagnosis, largely due to detection of indolent ductal carcinoma in situ; its benefit–harm balance varies significantly by age and breast density.
What is screening mammography?
Pheochromocytoma is suspected when there are elevated levels of this urine/serum biomarker.
What are metanephrines.
Catecholamines also accepted.