England & France
Between the years 1688 and 1815, France and England entered into a period of almost constant warfare. This period is called the ____________ _____________ _____________ __________, and although it was not one long war, it was full of clashing, battling, and various conflicts.
Second Hundred Years' War
The years between 1688 and 1815 are called the Second Hundred Years War because it wasn't the first time they had one this. The years between 1337 and ____________ are called the _____________ ______________ ____________, and just like the Second Hundred Years' War, they were years full of one war or conflict after another.
1453
Hundred Years' War
The straw that broke the camel's in the case of the French and Indian War was an argument over a __________ ___________. In fact, it wasn't even the whole ___________ ___________ that was the focus of this particular disagreement, it was the upper part of the ___________ ___________ valley to be exact.
river valley
river valley
Ohio River
France joined the fight in ____________. Spain, which was interested in regaining American land lost during the French and Indian War, helped the American colonists financially, thereby joining the cause in ____________.
1778
1779
__________ ____________, Brother ___________, as he was called, was dedicated to working among the Natives, with peace-bringing efforts as his primary focus.
David Zeisberger
David
This seven-year period of war also had an American phase- a war we call the ___________ ___________ _____________ _____________. The American history side of this conflict took place about a decade before the years leading up to the American Revolution.
French and Indian War
The French and Indian War in _______________, with the British receiving Canada from the French and Florida from the Spanish, who had entered late in the game on France's side. This, of course, strengthened Britain's hold in North America and gave them much more room for expansion west.
1763
Who was going to dominate the center of North America? With its rich land, prime location, and many natural resources, this __________ ____________ represented the very best of what this land had to offer. Moreover, it was symbolic of colonial control, because it was located right in the heart of North America.
river valley
The Netherlands, once allies with Britain, joined the American side of the conflict in ___________, with secret financial contributions. These later years of the American Revolution are also called the Anglo-French War.
1780
David came to America at the age of 15 with General _______________, the founder of Georgia. Upon his arrival, David moved to Pennsylvania, where he spent much time roaming the hills.
Oglethorpe
A major conflict was when the great European powers split into alliances in the matter of the Austrian monarch, ___________ ___________, whose province had been conquered and taken by __________ ___________ (the Great). France, Austria, Sweden, Russia, and Saxony, a province in what is now Germany, joined together against Prussia and Great Britain.
Maria Theresa
Frederick II
Draw Thomas Davies' 1760 depiction of a British and French gunboat battle in what is now Canada.
page 95
The French had entered into alliances with the ___________ ____________ __________, and the two of them had lived in relative peace for the last century or so. They both felt threatened by the idea of British expansion.
Native American tribes
On February 6, ____________, representatives from the American government and the French government met to sign the Treaty of Alliance and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce.
1778
The Delaware Indian chief, _____________, especially interested him. Determined to learn the Delaware language well enough to preach in it, David spent much time with the chief. Throughout his ____________ years of life, David Zeisberger established communities and towns, translated books into the Native American languages, and journaled his observations of the native customs and ways of life.
Tatamy
88
Another major conflict during the Seven Years' War was a colonial struggle between ___________ and ___________ ___________. The main focus of their struggle was over who would have control in ___________ ___________ and in India.
France
Great Britain
North America
____________ ___________ of _____________ _____________ was a contradictory blend of stubborn obstinance and deep-rooted self-distrust. Although he was perpetually plagued with fears of inadequacy, he was also stubborn in his approach to ruling. When ____________ was ___________ years old, his father had died, leaving him as heir to the throne.
King George
Great Britain
George
12
So, the lines were drawn, the ____________ and their allies in the Native American nations made their war tactics and hid behind trees, while the _____________ gathered reinforcements from their colonies and marched with their bright red coats in European battle formation. Honestly, it wasn't a pretty picture. Not surprisingly, the __________ and their Native friends had sweeping success over the _____________, and the first four years were a disaster for the ___________ and _____________ troops.
French
British
French
British
British
American
Some of the most important services they provided were transportation and reinforcements, protection against the British fleet, and protection for Washington's troops in Virginia. It was the French assistance that was absolutely crucial in obtaining the British surrender in _____________ at ______________.
1781
Yorktown
They had been separated from one another because of the fighting (Revolutionary War). During this separation, more than ______________ Christian Native Americans had been killed by the militia at Gnadnehutten, _____________. It was with this painful experience fresh in his mind, that David knelt and wrote these words on December 31, ______________...
"We closed this year with praise and thanks to the Lord for all his goodness and for the kindnesses the Savior had done us in rescuing us from so many dangers and in being so heartily interested for us , but we confessed to him our transgressions and shortcomings and begged forgiveness for all our sins."
80
Ohio
1782
Draw the 19th-century Russian depiction of the fall of Kolberg, a Prussian fort in the Seven Years' War.
page 93
When George III allowed the prime minister to levy ____________ on items such as _________, stamps, and ____________, he was not legally overstepping his bounds as sovereign over the colonies; however, the Americans saw it as such. They did not have representation in ________________ and had not voted to establish these _____________, and to them, this was a sure sign of ______________.
taxes
tea
sugar
Parliament
taxes
tyranny
Several events happened to finally turn the tide in the British favor. First of all, a British statesman, __________ ___________, took control of the war effort in America. He gained the funding he needed to reinforce the efforts and troops in the war, promised huge reinforcements to the colonists who invested in the war, and build up the _____________ ____________, which, in turn, began systematically taking down the ____________ ___________. By shutting off the flow of French reinforcements to the conflict in America. _____________ swung the pendulum of war success in the British direction. ____________ also realized that the British soldiers needed to know how to fight in formation on the battlefields of Europe, but this training was not serving them well here! They could not expect to have any sweeping success if they were standing in the open, wearing bright red uniforms like so many bullseyes, while their enemy was practically invisible. All of these efforts combined brought the British increasingly more victories. Finally, in February of ___________, France signed a treaty of peace, and Britain joyfully gained not only that prized river valley, but all lands lying east of the Mississippi River, Canada, and Florida.
William Pitt
British Navy
French Navy
Pitt
Pitt
1763
Benjamin Franklin was immensely popular in France, and this helped the American cause. His reputation of being honest and simple in his approach was thought to be a good representation of what Americans were like. Franklin garnered great sympathy and admiration from the French. Between the years ___________ and ____________, the French government helped supply the American troops with arms and ammunition, uniforms, and even naval support.
1778
1782
"The brethren were reminded what through this year had happened to us, and in what sort of ways the Savior had gone with us, and how he finally had cared for us and made a way for our again settling and coming together." David Zeisberger is not the only missionary to have worked to spread the gospel to the Natives, but his words have been saved for the future generations of Americans as a reminder that to Jesus, _________ ________ __________ __________ ___________ __________.
we are all worth dying for