3 silhouettes recur in fashion about every 100 years. What are the three silhouettes?
Bell-shaped,
Back fullness,
Straight
200
When a company begins to engage in similar activities as its original business often causing itself direct competition this is called?
Horizontal growth
200
T/F: fibers can come from nature, but manufactured fibers are never made in chemical labs.
False: Manufactured fibers often made of wood pulp or petroleum are made in chemical labs through extrusion and spinning processes
200
What is the difference between a line and a collection?
Line is moderately priced garments sharing color, fabric, or style which link them together.
A collection is used to describe expensive lines in the US and Europe
200
As we discussed in class what is one reason why someone would follow fashion?
Insecurity,
Admiration of leaders/innovators,
No interest or ambivalence,
Varying speeds of acceptance
300
What are two ways fashion movement decelerates or slows down?
Habits and customs,
Religion,
Sumptuary laws,
Decreased buying power
300
In the business world, what are the 3 specific ways to engage in competition?
Price, quality, innovation
300
Where is cotton produced in the USA?
Southeat, Mississippi Delta, TX-OK panhandle, and Southwest (Arizona, NM, CA)
300
Give an example of a retail store where you would find both national brands and private label brands
Often a department store like Macy's
300
What was the first synthetic fiber ever created?
Rayon
400
What are the 3 rules of the fashion game?
1. One area of the body emphasized
2. Only certain body parts are exposed at any given time
3. Fashion attention must go forward
400
What is the difference between franchising and licensing?
Franchising gives an individual the right to own a business while benefiting from the expertise and reputation of the established firm. While licensing is permission to produces an market merchandise in the name of a company with the company receiving royalties in return.
400
What are the four major natural fibers?
Cotton, wool, silk, flax
400
What is one advantage of specification buying for the retailer?
Stores will provide standards and guidelines for the manufacturer of the clothes they order, these standards cover quality and workmanship, styling, and cost – so in that case an advantage would be quality control, budgeting, style control
400
What is the difference between an apparel jobber and apparel contractor?
Jobbers: don’t do the bulk of the sewing; cut and sew all pieces with patterns and designers which are then sent to the contractor
Contractor: will do the sewing work for jobbers or manufacturers; piece work
500
Give a brief explanation of downward flow, upward flow, and horizontal flow.
Downward: elite adopt a fashion which trickles down to the masses
Upward: lower class adopts styles which influence fashion at higher levels
Horizontal: different fashion groups exist with their own ideas, we borrow ideas from each other, trickle across
500
What are the 3 levels in the scope of the fashion business and give an example of each?
Primary: farms, labs, fibers, yarns, fabrics
Secondary: Designers, manufacturers, wholesalers
Retail: any retail establishment from boutiques to the Internet
500
A great way to market new fabrics to fashion industry experts and designers is ____________________________.
Textile trade shows, examples include SpinExpo (NYC) Premiere Vision (Paris), LA International Textile Show
500
List the 6 stages of the product development process in order.
1. Planning a line
2. Creating the design concept
3. Developing the designs
4. Planning production
5. Production
6. Distributing the line
500
Why would a manufacturer also want to be a retailer? What type of internal growth is this?
Better control over service, space, image and atmosphere. This is an example of vertical growth.