Methods/MOA
The female sterilization procedure works by physically preventing the _____ and _____ from meeting.
What are egg and sperm?
_______ tubal occlusions among woman of contraceptive age are performed in the United States annually.
What is 600,000?
Between 2 and 20 percent of women regret their decision to undergo sterilization. What factor is most strongly associated with regret?
What is being less than 30 years old at the time of sterilization?
When a patient asks about insurance coverage for female sterilization, the health care provider should inform the patient that insurance coverage is ____
What is variable?
Federally funded health insurance does not permit women under this age to undergo a sterilization procedure.
What is 21 years old?
This is the name of the most common female sterilization procedure, which involves cutting and tying the fallopian tubes or occluding them. It is often referred to having one’s “tubes tied.”
What is tubal ligation? (Or tubal occlusion?)
Female sterilization is one of the most frequently used methods of contraception in the US and worldwide, with a female-to-male ratio of ___ to ____.
What is a ratio of 3:1?
In order to reduce this risk of regret, commonly offered alternatives to permanent sterilization include long-acting reversible methods of contraception, such as IUDs or the contraceptive implant, which are equally as effective in preventing pregnancy. What is the main benefit in choosing these alternatives to tubal ligation?
What is they can be reversed?
Government-run insurance coverage for female sterilization may depend on this parameter.
What is patient age?
A patient that has undergone a vaginal delivery can elect to have a tubal ligation performed between # and # days post-partum.
What is 1 and 2 days?
This surgical technique involves inserting a scoping device through a very small incision in the abdomen and closing off the fallopian tubes using instruments that are passed through the scope.
What is laparoscopy?
Laparoscopic tubal occlusion is more effective than these types of short-term, user-dependent, reversible contraceptive methods.
What are oral contraceptive pills, injections, and barrier methods?
Complications of tubal ligation occur in approximately 1 of every 1000 procedures. What are four of the most common complications of tubal ligation procedures?
What is infection, injury to other organs, internal bleeding, and complications related to anesthesia?
Some patients have insurance coverage restricted to this time period.
What is pregnancy and the immediate postpartum period?
Patients may be counseled to consider more temporary methods of contraception if they are # years old or younger.
What is 30 years old?
This surgical technique, which is most commonly used in postpartum sterilization, involves bringing the fallopian tubes up through a small incision in the abdomen and removing a section of each tube, removing each tube completely, or closing them off with clips.
What is minilaparotomy?
There are few medical contraindications to the use of either IUDs or the contraceptive implant (26). Long-acting methods of contraception, including IUDs and the contraceptive implant, are at least as ______ as tubal occlusion and are associated with lower morbidity and mortality
What is effective?
Pain and discomfort at the incision site is common after the procedure. What are other common symptoms post-ligation?
What is abdominal pain, fatigue, dizziness, bloating, and shoulder pain?
When combined with this childbirth method, female sterilization will likely be more cost-effective.
What is cesarean delivery?
Patients should be counseled that they may encounter an ______ in cycle irregularity.
What is an increase?
This surgical technique does not require any incisions in the skin. Instead, a small device is placed in the opening of each fallopian tube (via a scope through the uterus), which causes scar tissue to develop and block the fallopian tubes after a few months.
What is hysteroscopy?
Observational trials show laparoscopic tubal occlusion reduces the incidence of this type of cancer.
What is ovarian cancer?
Reversal of tubal ligation is possible, but is not always successful. What factors affect the success rate of reversal?
What is the resulting length/portion of undamaged fallopian tube remaining, the patient’s age, and the surgeon’s skill?
For patients covered by commercial insurance, the ____ method of female sterilization is associated with lower average costs than the ____ method.
What is hysteroscopy; laparoscopy?
Though the likelihood is extremely rare (~1%), the chance of this type of pregnancy is possible after performing a sterilization procedure.
What is an Ectopic Pregnancy?