Epidemiology
What % of DM patients have Type 1 diabetes?
5-10%
Is T1DM completely hereditary?
No! We define it as:
Autoimmune destruction of beta cells, set off by an environmental trigger in a genetically susceptible person
Pts typically present with the sx of polyuria, polydipsia, & polyphagia. Define these sx.
Polyuria: Excessive urination (and passing extreme amounts of urine)
Polydipsia: Excessive or extreme thirst
Polyphagia: Excessive or extreme hunger
T1DM is characterized by autoimmune (T cell mediated) destruction of what kind of cells?
Beta cells
In the general population, what percent of people have T1DM?
In the general population = 0.3 - 0.5%
This antibody is often tested for to confirm a T1DM diagnosis.
GAD-65 (glutamic acid decarboxylase-65). Present in 90% of T1DM pts.
What gives your breath a fruity smell in DKA?
Acetone
Another peptide is secreted with endogenous insulin in our body. Once pts stop making insulin, we aren't able to measure this peptide. What is the name of this marker?
C-peptide
The age of onset of T1DM is bimodal. Name 1 of the 2 peaks.
Typically presents younger than 20 yrs old. Most often, it presents from ages 4–6 years and 10–14 years.
There is a strong HLA genetic component to T1DM. Name the two HLAs present in 90-95% of pts.
HLA-DR3 and DR4
Often, weight loss occurs in pts with T1DM. Why might this happen?
Glucose can't get into your cells --> you start breaking down adipose tissue (lipolysis) and muscle protein for energy. This causes weight loss and hunger.
Who will have the wackiest shirt today?
Ari