Bytes and Bobs
Moore's Law
Data Security
ML
Satellite
5
Bits is the most basic unit of information in computing. It represents a single binary digit (0/1). THIS other unit of information, comprised of 8 bits, historically represented a single character of text on a computer.
What is a Byte?
5
Dis.
What is a 3.5" Floppy Disk with 1.4mb storage?
5
THIS is the most commonly used password in 2021.
What is 123456?
5
For large datasets, THESE three subsets are used, respectively, to i) optimise the model parameters to reduce a loss function; ii) evaluate final model performance; and iii) iteratively tune the model hyperparameters (how many/type of layers, etc.).
What is training, testing, and (cross)validation data?
5
What is this Sentinel-2 image of?
What is 22 Tudor Street??
10
THIS concept used in modern computing was independently derived in (among other places): ancient egypt in 2400 BC for accounting; the 9th century BC in China for divination; and the 2nd century BC in India to write poetry.
What is the binary numbering system?
10
In 1967, George Moore observed that the doubling time of the number of transistors in a microchip is THIS many years.
What is 2?
10
On 2022-02-14 Matt caused a data security breach by leaving his laptop on THIS form of public transport.
What is a train?
10
The left is an example of "_____-fitting", the right is an example of "____-fitting".
What is under- and over-fitting?
10
Of THESE TWO data formats, “Shapefile”, “geopackage” and “geobuf” are examples of the former; “bitmap”, “tagged image format (tif)”, and “joint photographic experts group (JPEG)” are examples of the latter.
What is Vector and Raster data?
15
This data type has 32 bits and describes a ‘real’ number (+-, decimal point)
What is a Float?
15
THIS object invented in THIS year cost $10000, weighed 1.1 kg, had 30 mins of battery, and required 10 hours to charge.
What is the first mobile phone, invented in 1973?
15
This 2016 EU regulation establishes data protection rights for individuals and obligations for processors of individuals’ data.
What is the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)?
15
Microsoft made THIS mistake when training their chatbot with Twitter data.
What is biased and unfiltered data containing racism and sexism?
15
THIS optimised tif data format allows small sections of imagery data to be retrieved from large files in from cloud storage using byte-offset read operations.
What is Cloud-Optimised GeoTiff?
20
This is the 8-bit representation of 254.
What is '11111110'?
20
The name of THIS device and its inventor.
The Difference Engine, Charles Babbage.
20
THIS type of data has the highest legal protection associated with it.
What is the data of a named individual?
20
Imagenet is an image classification challenge which started the current era of deep learning progress. “Human-level” performance, measured as the top-5 error rate (i.e. how often is true label not in the top-5 nominated labels) is usually approximated at this many percent.
What is 5%?
20
The “bands” of an earth observation satellite are the different electromagnetic wavelengths the spacecraft samples. Examples include ultraviolet light, red, green, and blue visible light, and infrared. A spacecraft that samples many wavelengths at a periodic difference is called THIS.
What is a 'hyperspectral' sensor?
25
There are THIS MANY bytes in the fullsize, uncompressed, version of this picture. (close enough: order of magnitude)
What is 123 million?
25
THIS ‘hellish’ thought experiment first laid the groundwork to unify thermodynamics and information theory in 1867
What is Maxwell's Demon?
25
THIS table condiment / potato cuisine combo also describes the methods used to encrypt and store user passwords.
What is salt & hash?
25
Model training represents THIS percentage of the lifecycle energy use (and emissions) of a machine learning model.
10%
25
The “four resolutions” of earth observation imagery include spatial (pixel size in m/km); temporal (revisit period, cadence); spectral (how many bands and what wavelengths); and THIS.
What is bit-depth or precision?