U2b Executive Branch

Presidential Powers

100

Hamilton argued for one powerful executive in this essay

Federalist #70

200

The description of the president's informal power to persuade the public to pressure Congress to pass a law

Bully Pulpit

300

If Congress won't pass a law, the President can direct the Bureaucracy to do something, an informal power called this

Executive Order

400

Because the Senate can be slow to ratify treaties, presidents often turn to this informal power of foreign policy

Executive Agreements

Bureaucracy and Congress

100

Model in which bureaucratic agencies, congressional committees, and interest groups work together to solve issues

Iron Triangle

200

Congressional committees may hold hearings for agencies to account for their actions, a process called congressional "this"

Oversight

300

This model acknowledges the often temporary and combative connections of agencies, congressional committees, interest groups, and other stakeholders of a problem

Issue Network

400

While bureaucratic agencies are tasked with implementing laws, Congress often allows them to create additional guidelines, an authority called discretionary "this"

Rulemaking

Name that Agency

100

The name of the department which includes all armed forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Coast Guard)

Defense/War

200

The type of bureaucratic structure which is outside of presidential control, and exist to protect people from powerful interests (examples: SEC, FEC)

Regulatory Commission

300

The only department headed by an Attorney General which oversees the enforcement of laws and crime prevention

Justice

400

The newest department, created after 9/11, which defends borders against terrorism and immigration

Homeland Security

Grab Bag

100

Only this person/group has the power to declare war

Congress

200

The members of this presidential advisory group must be confirmed by the Senate, and include all 15 heads of departments

Cabinet

300

A common critique of the bureaucracy is the confusing procedures that slow the process, which is often referred to by this colorful term

Red tape

400

Since the late 1800s, civil servants in the bureaucracy are hired because of their skills, not political ideology, a system based on this

Merit