Smoking
Identify 3 risk factors for smoking
-low health literacy
-peer pressure to smoke
-mental health issues
-low education levels
-lack of supportive network (friends, family etc)
Explain an implication of overconsumption of alcohol on Health and Wellbeing
Overconsumption of alcohol, which is energy dense, may lead to weight gain (impacting PHWB)
Explain life expectancy
The number of years an individual can expect to live if current mortality rates remain
Identify 5 aspects of PHWB
-illness/disease/injury
-ability to complete daily tasks
-functioning of the body and it's systems
-fitness
-immune function
Explain the term ''lifestyle disease'' and provide 2 examples.
Diseases that tend to occur due to poor diet and lack of physical activity
eg type 2 diabetes and CVD
Identify 4 protective factors for not smoking
-high educational attainment
-high levels of health literacy
-decent income
-positive peer and family influence
-absence of mental illness etc
Explain an implication of overconsumption of alcohol on BOD
Overconsumption of alcohol over a long period of time can lead to liver disease, as alcohol is processed in the liver. Thus, increasing YLD associated with liver disease.
Explain the difference between HALE and life expectancy
HALE - number of years in full health an individual is expected to live
Life expectancy - total number of years someone is expected to live
Explain optimal HWB and provide an example of this
The highest level of HWB an individual can realistically attain
For someone with a chronic condition such as Cerebral Palsy, their level of optimal HWB may be being able to live independently, whereas an individual without a chronic illness may view optimal HWB as being able to exercise at a high intensity
Explain the term ''atherosclerosis''
Identify a risk factor for atherosclerosis
Hardening and narrowing of the arteries
smoking, overconsumption of fats etc
Have smoking rates increased or decreased over time in Australia? Provide 3 strong reasons for this
-More extensive research/evidence on risks of smoking
-Increased health promotion campaigns (Anti smoking)
-Smoking laws
-Increase price of cigarettes
-Graphic images on cigarette packs... etc..
Explain how binge drinking can impact health (4 marks)
Binge drinking can impair decision making and lead to an individual partaking in risky behaviours, such as drink driving, which can lead to a car crash and increase the prevalence of injuries.
Binge drinking can reduce balance and coordination which can lead to falls. As a result, an individual may sustain a broken bone, impacting PHWB
Explain Burden of disease (3 marks)
-Measured in a unit called DALY (disability adjusted life year). DALY is calculated as YLL + YLD
-Measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease, injury, disability
Using examples, explain how the dimensions of HWB are interrelated (4 marks)
Due to their reduced connections with friends, they may feel down (mental) as they are feeling left out of conversations at school.
Due to feeling down and depressed, they may spend lots of time in their room isolating themselves, which may cause them to struggle to effectively manage their emotions).
If they are struggling with their emotions, this may result in them further isolating themselves from their usual community activities (such as volunteering at Scouts), reducing their sense of connection to the community (spiritual).
Explain how high BMI can impact Health outcomes
High BMI is a risk factor for diseases such as heart attack. High BMI means the heart has to work harder to pump blood around the body, which can lead to an irregular heart beat and hypertension. Ultimately, increasing the prevalence of heart attacks