U3 Human Physiology Nervous System

Neuron(s)

100

A tissue wrapped around the axon conserve the amount of ions lost; makes electrical impulse FASTER and take less energy.

Myelin Sheaths

200

The structure where an action potential is received.

Dendrites

300

A chemical called neurotransmitters are released from this location after receiving an electrical impulse.

Axon Terminal

400

Located in the spinal cord; this neuron specializes in synapsing with a sensory neuron and a motor neuron to make a response QUICKER than being sent up to the brain.

Interneuron

500

Electrical impulse jumps to these GAPS in the myelin sheaths where the axon is exposed; allows for FASTER regeneration of an action potential. High concentration of voltage-gated sodium ion channels.

Nodes of Ranvier

Eyes

100

Transparent outer layer of the eye. Light rays enter this structure first.

Cornea

200

The inner most layer of the eye; contains the PHOTORECEPTORS 

Retina

300

Provides structure to the eyeball; Transparent, Jelly like substance; aides in magnifying an image. 

Vitreous Humor

400

Part of the eye that contains pigment; contains MUSCLES that open or constrict the pupil.

Iris

500

This photoreceptor is MORE abundant throughout the retina than the other.

Rods

Ears/Balance/Taste/Smell

100

One of the ossicles, also called the Stirrup.

Stapes

200

This structure vibrates when receiving sound waves from the external auditory meatus.

Tympanic Membrane 

300

This structure contains the organ of corti and specialized hair cells to detect frequencies of sound

Cochlea

400

General term for receptors that are used for taste and smell.

Chemoreceptors

500

SCIENTIFIC NAME for the outer ear; allows sound waves to be directed towards middle region of the ear; can be pierced for earrings.

Pinna (Auricle)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) / Reflexes

100

This reflex provides protection for the eye; specifically the cornea. 

Blink Reflex

200

This neuron sends an electrical impulse to the CNS after an action potential is created at the sensory receptor.

Afferent Neuron

300

The general term for the two subdivisions of the PNS (looking for two terms in your response).

Autonomic Nervous System and Somatic Nervous System.

400

General term of the PNS subdivision that control both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.

Autonomic Nervous System

500

The general term of the muscle that contracts after receiving an impulse from the efferent neuron.

Effector

Central Nervous System (CNS)

100

The structure that connects the spinal cord to the brain.

Brainstem

200

This part of the brain controls high level thinking, behavior, and emotions.

Frontal Lobe

300

This part of the brains maintains balance and posture, helps coordinate muscular control

Cerebellum

400

Structure responsible for controlling respiration and heart rate.

Medulla Oblongata

500

Term for the relay center on information that is entering AND exiting the brain. Aides in controlling motivation, emotion, and memory. Helps maintain homeostasis and release of hormones. Composed of many different structures.

Diencephalon