Cognitive Thinking
What is the brains way to mentally group objects, people, events, and things?
Concepts
Concepts are the way the brain is able to save information because it groups them into similar or same things to have a better understanding.
Confirmation Bias
Psychological tendency to search and interpret information that supports preexisting beliefs and ignoring anything contradictory to them.
When a student is intaking new information from a class to later on utilize it, what are they doing with the information?
Encoding
The 1st stage of memory where one intakes new information to later utilize it
The first few weeks of a babies development where they make sounds when they are hungry or grumpy. What part of the language development is that?
Cooing
6-8 weeks to 4 months of age and is the very 1st stage of language development
A teen starts to notice that their body is going through changes that don't have an explination, and it's different for both males and women. What development are they going through?
Puberty
Physical experiences a person experiences from the ages of 8 - 14 where their body goes through changes
To solve a problem a person thinks there is only a specific algorithm to solve it and there is a single factual answer. What kind of thinking are they doing?
Convergent thinking
A way of thinking that there are specific ways to do things and that is the only way if can be done, there is also one single answer to that one problem.
A student doesn't understand a question on their math homework and think they aren't smart enough for it so they just don't do it. What mindset are they showing?
Fixed Mindset
The belief that one's abilities, intelligence can't be developed or changed
A student studies over time preparing for a test that is coming up to be able to store information making it easier for retrieval. What cognitive system are they working for?
Memory
Relies a lot on attention and focus, ability to acquire, store and retrieve information
A baby has now started to produce more repetitive sounds as in saying "ma ma ma" and "da da da." What stage of language development is this?
Babbling
2nd stage of development between 4-6 months of age where there are receptive constant vowel sounds.
A person burns their hand on the stove and quickly/instantly removes their hand. What did they experience?
Reflex
An involuntary response that happens without any conscious effort.
To find the answer to a problem, Sarah takes many difference avenues to figure out if there are many solutions to it. What thinking is she doing?
Divergent thinking
Opposite of convergent thinking, a person is able to find new ways of thinking and multiple ways to solve a problem.
A student is struggling with chemistry homework, they believe that if they study more and review the content they will have a better understanding from it. What mindset are they showing?
Opposite of fixed mindset, it's the belief that intelligence, and talents can be developed though hard work and learning from challenges and setbacks.
A kid practices at a young age how to tie their shoe that the older they get they do it without thinking. What type of processing are they doing?
Automatic Processing
The unconscious processing of well learned material. (Muscle memory)
A child is utilizing a single word to express their ideas and feelings or as a way to say full sentences. What development stage is it?
One - Word Stage
Children get to a point where they only use one work to be able to represent their complex thoughts, needs, or whole sentences.
Teratogens
A substance that can interrupt prenatal development and cause physical or function defects in the womb.
Functional Fixedness
Only the ability to see objects as to what they are used for rather as they could also be helpful with other things.
A student who was told their race usually don't do well on a test which causes them to get a really low score despite they could've scored a lot more. What are they struggling with?
Stereotype Threat
A phenomenon where the awareness of a stereotype can cause a person to underperform on a task because they are worried about it confirming that stereotype.
After meeting a new group of people you remember one person's name easier because it's the name of your son. What effect is this?
Self - Reference effect
Being able to easier encode information deeply when we think it's important for us/relates to us.
A kid says "I goed to school today" instead of utilizing proper grammar to say "I went to school today." What rule did they use?
Overgeneralization of language rules
Very common in development when using grammatical rules to broadly ignoring expectations.
Maturation
A person has reached full natural/biological and cognitive growth.
A juror is more likely to pick a well dressed person to be innocent rather than someone dressed more casual because they don't fit the "type." What is the conveying?
Representativeness Heuristics
Someone feels like they have the ability to predict the likelihood of an event based on past events or preexisting stereotypes.
Generation Alpha's are shown in a decline in intelligence due to the use of AI and technology rather than earlier generations are to be more intelligent and creative. What effect is being described?
Flynn Effect
A psychological phenomenon that intelligence increases over generation as time goes on. (AI and technology advances are affecting the most recent generations in creativity and intelligence.)
When learning the word mitosis a student doesn't just look at the word but rather understanding the actual process and how it works. What processing are they doing?
Semantic Processing
Encoding information by relating it to something we already know. (It enhances long term memory.)
For a toddler to express their thoughts they sate "doggy - "bark" to express that there is a dog that is barking. What kind of speech are they using?
Telegraphic Speech
Usually when a toddler uses only 2 word sentences that consist of nouns and verbs to express ideas
A person that is 70 years old is struggling to learn a new language but a 8 year old has an easier time learning the new language. What is this called?
Critical Period
Developmental window where it is easier to learn new things rather than learning them later on. It's not impossible but it's really difficult.