This Russian physiologist discovered classical conditioning through his work on dogs
Who is Ivan Pavlov (1897/1902)?
he psychologists who proposed the working model of memory with the central executive and subsystems
Who are Baddeley & Hitch (1974)?
he researcher who found cultural differences in pictorial depth perception among African children
Who is Hudson (1960)?
The social psychologist who developed Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Who is Leon Festinger (1957)?
The experiment where college students adopted abusive roles as guards or prisoners
What is Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment (1971)?
The researchers who conditioned “Little Albert” to fear a white rat
Who are Watson & Rayner (1920)?
The researchers who studied context-dependent memory.
Who are Harry Grant et al. (1998)?
The researcher who found that some non-Western participants preferred split-style drawings
Who is Deregowski (1972)?
The researcher who coined the Fundamental Attribution Error
(when we attribute someone's behaviour to their personal characteristics)
Who is Ross (1977)?
The researcher that measured obedience to authority using fake electric shocks
Who is Stanley Milgram (1963)?
The behaviourist who developed operant conditioning using reinforcement and punishment
Who is B.F. Skinner (1948)?
The conversion of a sensory input into a form capable of being processed and deposited in memory; the first stage of memory processing
What is encoding?
The study that explored pictorial perception in a remote Ethiopian population
Who are Deregowski, Muldrow & Muldrow (1972)?
The study that found automatic activation of stereotypes can influence behaviour (elderly priming)
Who are Bargh, Chen & Burrows (1996)
This researcher conducted s series of line-length experiments demonstrating conformity
Who is Solomon Asch (1951)?
The psychologist who proposed that we learn by observing others’ behaviour and consequences
Who is Albert Bandura (1977)?
The researchers that demonstrated the levels-of-processing effect — deeper encoding leads to better recall
Who are Craik & Lockhart (1972)?
The study where participants’ interpretation of an ambiguous image (man/mouse) depended on prior context
Who are Bugelski & Alampay (1961)?
The theory that people derive part of their identity from the groups they belong to
What is Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979)?
The bystander-effect researchers who found people are less likely to help when others are present
Who are Darley & Latané (1968)?
The type of learning demonstrated when a person imitates rewarded behaviour seen in others
What is vicarious conditioning (Bandura)?
The study that showed students recalled more when learning and test conditions matched
What is Grant et al. (1998)?
The visual illusion that shows culture and environment can influence perception of depth and size
Who are Bugelski & Alampay (1961)?
The researchers who developed the framework describing psychological sense of community (membership, influence, fulfilment, shared emotional connection)
Who are McMillan & Chavis (1986)?
This social psychologist researched how social norms, obedience and conformity lead to behaviour change; key a study investigated the effectiveness of different sign types in preventing theft in a national park, which is used to explain injunctive and descriptive norms.
Who is Robert Cialdini?
Injunctive norms are what people should do, based on their beliefs about what is approved or disapproved of, while descriptive norms are what people actually do, based on their observations of others' behaviors
In Bandura’s follow-up to the Bobo Doll study, what variable did he manipulate to demonstrate vicarious reinforcement?
What is the model being rewarded or punished for aggression?
The psychologists who developed the model of working memory in 1974, proposing that short-term memory is not a single unit but a system of multiple components.
Who are Baddeley & Hitch?
Explain how cross-cultural research on perception supports the idea that visual perception is both biological and learned.
Because all humans share biological structures for vision, but cultural exposure to pictorial depth cues shapes interpretation (Hudson & Deregowski evidence).
According to Festinger’s Cognitive Dissonance Theory, what is one way a person might reduce dissonance after acting against their beliefs?
Change their belief or attitude
or
Justify their behaviour
(Cognitive dissonance is the mental discomfort experienced when a person holds two conflicting beliefs or when their actions don’t align with their beliefs.
Milgram designed his study to investigate the behaviour of individuals after which major historical event?
What is the Holocaust?
He aimed to understand obedience to authority during the Holocaust, and how ordinary people could commit harmful acts under orders.