Glycolysis
Where is Glycolysis located?
Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol (or cytoplasm) of the cellcytosol (or cytoplasm) of the cell. It is the initial metabolic pathway of cellular respiration that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH, and does not require oxygen or specialized organelles to function.
Where is Pyruvate located?
Aerobic breakdown (pyruvate oxidation/Krebs cycle) occurs in the mitochondrial matrixAerobic breakdown (pyruvate oxidation/Krebs cycle) occurs in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotes, while anaerobic breakdown (fermentation) occurs in the cytoplasm (cytosol).
Where is the Kreb's Cycle located?
The Krebs cycle (or citric acid cycle) occurs in the mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cellsmitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cells.
Where is the oxidative phosphorylation located?
Oxidative phosphorylation takes place within the inner mitochondrial membranewithin the inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae) in eukaryotes.
Where is photosynthesis located?
Photosynthesis takes place primarily within the chloroplasts of plant and algae cells, specifically inside leaf mesophyll cellschloroplasts of plant and algae cells, specifically inside leaf mesophyll cells.
What is the input for Glycolysis?
Glucose (C6H12O6)
What is the process for pyruvate oxidation?
Pyruvate is converted into ACETYL - Coa
What is the input for the Kreb's cycle?
Acetyl - CoA
What are the components for Oxidative Phosphorylation?
Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Chemiosmosis
What is the input for photosynthesis?
Light, H2O, NADP+, ADP
What is the output for Glycolysis?
2 Pyruvate, 2 NADH, 4 ATP (Net gain: 2 ATP)
What is the output?
CO2 (released) and NADH
What is the purpose of the Kreb's cycle?
To finish breaking down the carbon skeleton and "load up" electron carriers.
What is the process for this?
NADH and FADH2 drop off electrons. As electrons move through the ETC, energy is used to pump H+ ions into the intermembrane space.
What is the output for photosynthesis?
Oxygen (O2), ATP, NADPH
What is the key note?
It does not require oxygen (anaerobic)
What is the output?
(per glucose/2 turns): 4CO2, 6NADH, 2FADH, 2 ATP
What is the ATP synthase for this?
H+ ions flow back through this enzyme, spinning it to create 28-32 ATP
What is the mechanism of photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll absorbs light, exciting electrons. Water is split (photolysis) to replace these electrons, releasing O2.
What is the final electron acceptor?
Oxygen (O2), which turns into water (H2O)