Peoples
This is the term for a Russian emperor, a title that was used in Russia for 350 years:
What is a Czar (Tsar)?
This 1922 formation was the name of the new country created after the Bolsheviks defeated the "Whites":
What is the USSR?
These were peasants who could not leave the lord’s land on which they were born and worked:
What are serfs?
This political leader believed industrial societies were divided into owners and an advantaged working class:
Who is Karl Marx?
This is the name for Russia’s legislatures:
What is the Duma? (Voters wrote to the Czar through this body)
He was the son of Alexander III and served as the last Czar of Russia:
Who is Nicholas II?
This was an economic system where the state or community owns all property and citizens share the wealth:
What is communism? (It was introduced to Russia by the ideas of Karl Marx)
This name refers to Russia’s landowning nobility:
Who are the boyars? (They were high-status elites)
He was a Russian serf exiled to Switzerland who eventually returned to start a social revolution:
Who is Vladimir Ilich Lenin? (He led the Bolshevik party)
This specific political party was run by Lenin beginning in 1903:
Who are the Bolsheviks? (They helped win the October Revolution)
This ruler was the first Russian to be crowned Czar and was known for his "reign of terror":
Who is Ivan the Terrible? (He killed his own son and strongest heir)
This economic theory advocates for the people to own the means of production rather than capitalists: v
What is socialism? (Russia was considered entirely socialist until communism was introduced)
These were councils run by workers in Russia's industrial centers:
What are soviets? (They consisted of elected delegates from factories)
This event in St. Petersburg involved a massacre of peaceful protesters who were marching to see the Czar:
What is Bloody Sunday? (It led to future riots and the Revolution of 1905)
This term describes personal freedoms, such as speech, that are protected by law from government action:
What are civil liberties? (These were often suppressed by absolute rulers)
This ruling family held power for 300 years and included leaders like Peter the Great:
Who are the Romanovs? (They helped fix the "messes" left by Ivan IV [last of the Ruriks])
This theory argues that in industrial societies, the "bourgeoisie" takes advantage of the "proletariat" to make profits:
What is Marxism? (It predicted that poor people would eventually rise up)
This class of owners was accused by Marx of taking advantage of the working class:
Who are the bourgeoisie? (They were the highest class in industrial Russia)
This 1917 event began with women factory workers protesting food shortages and bread lines:
What is the February Revolution? (They were later joined by students and the middle class)
This war was fought between the Bolsheviks and those who supported the monarchy:
What is the "Reds" vs. "Whites" war? (The Bolsheviks won and solidified their power)
This period following Bloody Sunday was marked by widespread strikes and peasants seizing land:
What is the Revolution of 1905? (It included mutinies in the army and navy)
This belief states that pure Marxism didn't apply to Russia because it was not yet industrialized enough:
What is Leninism? (It argued that professional revolutionaries were needed to lead the movement)
This policy made by Lenin reduced the severity of earlier government rules on peasants regarding food and trade:
What is the NEP? (The New Economic Policy)
During this 1917 event, the Bolsheviks and soviets successfully overthrew the Provisional Government:
What is the October Revolution? (It resulted in the end of the Provisional Government)
This was a temporary system where the Provisional Government and the working-class soviets tried to rule simultaneously:
What is "Dual Power"? (The working class remained loyal to the soviets during this time)
This was the name of the specific territory owned directly by the Czar, used to strip power from the nobility:
What is the oprichnina? (Ivan IV used it to take land away from boyars)
This specific group of people was treated as the "second to highest" class in Russia, just below the bourgeoisie:
Who are the proletariat? (The working class in industrial centers)
This ruler expanded Russia’s borders to the coast to allow for trade access:
Who are the Romanovs? (Specifically Peter and Catherine the Great)
These delegates negotiated with employers and police during strikes in industrial towns:
Who are the soviets? (They organized strikes and helped run cities)
This ruler was obsessed with power and threats, leading him to terrorize Russian society:
Who is Ivan the Terrible? (He was a cruel tyrant who killed many citizens)
This 1903 political party was significant because it eventually solidified communist rule in Russia:
Who are the Bolsheviks? (They turned Russia into a communist/dictatorship rule)
This class made up over 75% of the Russian population and eventually revolted against the boyars:
Who are the serfs? (They suffered years of mistreatment and "less than human" conditions)
This legislative body was formed because the Czar realized the "mob of protesters" was a serious threat:
What is the Duma? (Its creation was a response to the giant mob of protesters)
This policy allowed for some private ownership of businesses to prevent peasants from revolting against the USSR:
What is the NEP? (It allowed products to be freely bought and sold)
This term represents the most extreme form of government where absolute power is concentrated in the hands of one person:
What is autocracy? (The system used by the Russian Czars for centuries)
This concept involves a government claiming to rule on behalf of a set of religious ideas or as agents of a deity:
What is a theocracy? (An example being Tibet under the Dalai Lama)
This complex system of land-based loyalty and lords was the dominant economic structure in Russia until 1861:
What is feudalism? (It relied on the service of peasants and vassals to a lord)
This theory suggests that when a system changes so that rich and poor people have the same amount of money, the class system is eliminated:
What is Marxism? (It aimed to eliminate the bourgeoisie and proletariat divide)
This specific revolution was sparked by food shortages and a lack of support for Russia's involvement in World War I:
What is the February (March) Revolution? (It began in Petrograd with protests over bread)
This ruler's significance lies in his failure to command the same fear or respect as his father, Alexander III:
Who is Nicholas II? (He was seen as a weak leader compared to his predecessors)