Bystander Intervention
A reduced likelihood of helping when other people are present.
What is the bystander effect?
Helping others because you expect help in return in the future.
What is reciprocity?
Researchers who developed the GAM
Who are Bushman & Anderson?
The researchers who conducted the meta-analysis study on media violence and aggression?
Who are Anderson and Bushman?
A face where both sides appear balanced and proportionate.
What is facial symmetry?
Physical closeness or frequent contact between people.
What is proximity?
The stage when one partner privately becomes dissatisfied with the relationship.
What is the intrapsychic stage?
The study where participants were slower to report smoke filling the room when other people were present and ignoring it.
What is Latané and Darley’s smoke-filled room study?
The ability to understand and share another person’s feelings.
What is empathy?
These factors are Inputs: Violent media, provocation, frustration, heat, weapons, peer pressure
What are situational factors?
A study that combines results from many previous studies to identify overall trends.
What is a meta-analysis?
The phenomenon where attractive people are often assumed to possess other positive qualities.
What is the halo effect?
Liking someone who shows interest or affection toward you.
What is reciprocity in attraction?
The stage when partners discuss problems and possible solutions together.
What is the dyadic stage?
The belief that responsibility is shared among all bystanders, reducing individual responsibility to help.
What is diffusion of responsibility?
Positive moods can increase this behaviour, while negative moods may reduce it
What is helping behaviour?
Violent media can activate these cognitions
What are aggressive thoughts?
The relationship Anderson and Bushman found between violent media and aggression?
What is violent media was associated with increased aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviours.
The theory suggesting physical attractiveness may signal fertility and reproductive health.
What is evolutionary theory?
The hypothesis when similar attitudes, values, and interests increase compatibility and validation.
What is the similarity-attraction hypothesis?
The stage when friends or family may become involved as the breakup becomes public.
What is the social stage?
Fear of embarrassment or making a mistake in front of others prevents helping.
What is audience inhibition?
Helping behaviour performed without expecting personal gain or reward.
What is altruism?
Individuals evaluate a situation and decide whether to respond aggressively or non-aggressively.
What is appraisal and decision-making?
According to Anderson & Bushman's study, the relationship between violent media and prosocial behaviour.
What is, violent media exposure was linked to reduced prosocial behaviour - less empathy and helping.
The researchers who discovered that similar mate preferences exist across cultures, and that some preferences differ across cultures.
Who is Buss et al. (1990)?
Sharing personal thoughts, feelings, and experiences with another person.
What is self-disclosure?
(social penetration theory)
Individuals create explanations or stories about why the relationship ended.
What is grave-dressing?
People weigh the potential risks and rewards of helping before deciding whether to intervene.
What is cost–benefit analysis?
People are more likely to help if they believe they have the knowledge, skills, or ability needed to assist in an emergency.
What is competence?
Repeated exposures strengthen aggressive thoughts, emotions, and behavioural scripts, making aggressive responses more likely over time.
What are multiple episodes of aggression?
In Anderson & Bushman's meta-analysis study:
the number of participants
the number of cultures
the number of questionnaires participants completed
the average age of the participants
What is
approx 10,000 participants
37 cultures
2 questionnaires
average age 23 years
X influences universal preferences (e.g., health, fertility cues), while Y shapes values and expectations about ideal partners.
What is biology (X) and culture (Y)?
The stage in Social Penetration Theory where a person's reveals their opinions, but are still guarded
What is the Exploratory Affective stage?
The stage when individuals reflect on lessons learned and use them to guide future relationships.
What is the resurrection stage?