Atmosphere
The atmosphere is formed of _____ and ______.
Air and suspended particulates
List 3 things you can do to stop climate change.
- Switch to LED bulbs.
- Reduce your consumption of single-use plastics.
...
Which components form water?
Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O).
In which states can we find water naturally?
Liquid (average T) + gas (above 100ºC) + solid (below 0ºC)
Air pollution
It protects life on Earth by absorbing harmful UV radiation
Ozone layer
The three effects of air pollution are:
- Acid rain
- Ozone layer deplation
- An enhanced greenhouse effect
List 2 causes of water pollution
- Unregulated dumping of waste
- Oil spillages and oil discharges
- Hot water discharges
- Excess pesticides, fertilisers and livestock urine and excrement
This is a consequence of water pollution, caused when the concentration of nutrients increase and algae growth too much.
Eutrophication
A gas that compose the air, which plays a very important role in the radiation balance of the Sun-Earth-atmopshere system
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Thanks to this effect, the average themperature of the Earth's surface is around 15ºC.
List 3 consequences of climate change.
- Average global T will increase
- Glaciers will retreat and the average sea level will rise
- Soil moisture will decrease (increased aridity, water scarcity and desertification)
- Weather phenomena will become more extreme and heatwaves will become more longer.
- Diseases will become more common.
This property of water is important because allows aquatic life in the coldest regions on the planet.
When water freezes, its volume increases. Ice, being less dense, floats on liquid water, preventing the water underneath it from freezing.
Which are the 2 main "motors" that make possible the water cycle?
Energy from the Sun and the force of gravity.
Definition of "atmosphere"
The layer of gases that surrounds Earth
The Earth's atmosphere is essential for the development of life because it develops 3 important functions:
- It contains gases that are essential for life
- It provides protection
- It regulates the temperature of the Earth's surface
Explain the greenhouse effect.
Process in which greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb thermal energy and radiate it back to Earth trapping the heat in it, which is involve in the regulation of the Earth's surface temperature.
Which are the 5 steps in the urban water cycle?
1 Collection
2 Purification
3 Supply
4 Sewerage
5 Treatment
What is the urban water cycle?
Is all the processes that allow us to use urban water without harming the environment
Layer of the atmosphere with ozone layer in it
Stratosphere
List 3 air pollutants:
- Gases (CO2, sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides, CFC's)
- Particulates from combustion processes
- Light and noise
Why does water have such unusual properties?
Because of the nature of the elements that compose it and the tendency of their molecules to attract one another.
List the 6 (+1) properties of water.
- Liquid water flows
- Water dissolves many substances
- When water freezes, its volume increases (ice floats on liquid water)
- High specific heat
- Surface tension (+ capillarity action)
- Water is transparent
List and explain the 6 processes of the water cycle.
1. Evaporation: the Sun heats the water and some of it returns into water vapour and rises above the surface.
2. Transpiration: plants release some of the water they absorb through their roots back into the atmosphere.
3. Condensation: water vapour rises and cools at higher levels, forming clouds.
4. Precipitation: water falls to the Earth's surface
5. Infiltration: some of the water seeps into the soil and adds to groundwater, which returns to the oceans.
6. Surface run-off: some of the water flows over the Earth's surface under the effect of gravity, eventually returning to the oceans.