Basics
Elements that make up carbohydrates.
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Monosaccharides are the simplest building blocks of all carbohydrates also known as __________.
How many monomers make up a disaccharide?
Two
The prefix poly- means ______.
Many
What process uses sunlight energy to produce glucose?
Photosynthesis
The ratio of a C:H:O in carbohydrates is ________.
1C:2H:1O
C6H12O6
What sugar found in milk can cause some people to get an upset stomach?
Lactose
Give two examples of foods that contain polysaccharides
Bread, pasta, potatoes
What process breaks down glucose to produce ATP?
Cellular respiration
Monosaccharides
What monosaccharide is produced during the process of photosynthesis?
glucose
Table sugar is a disaccharide called ________.
Sucrose
What is the polysaccharide in the cell wall of fungi and the exoskeleton of crustaceans like lobsters?
Chitin
What process breaks down large polysaccharides into monosaccharides that can be used by mitochondria to produce ATP?
Digestion/Hydrolysis
Suffix found on the names of many sugars.
-ose
Give 3 examples of monosaccharides.
Glucose
Galactose (milk)
Fructose (fruit)
What is the formula for a disaccharide?
Hint: 2 glucose molecules must be joined together and a water molecule must be removed.
C12H22O11
Cellulose
Polysaccharides like glycogen can be created from many monosaccharides in a process called ______________________.
Dehydration synthesis
What role do carbohydrates play in living organisms?
Provide short-term energy AND make up some structures such as the cell wall of plants and fungi
What process breaks down glucose to produce ATP that cells can use to do cellular work?
Where does this process occur?
Cellular respiration
Mitochondria
What process joins two monosaccharides together to form a disaccharide?
Describe what happens during this process to produce the bond.
Dehydration synthesis
Water is remove to form a bond
When glucose runs low in your blood, _________ is broken down into glucose, which then is released into the blood.
glycogen
Describe the difference between hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis.
Hydrolysis = water is added to break a bond and release energy stored in a molecule
Dehydration synthesis = water is removed to form a bond and store energy in a molecule