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Nucleic Acids
Key terms
Catch-all
Challenge Questions!
100

What is the function of DNA?

Storing and transmitting genetic information, including instructions for building proteins.

100

Where does transcription happen in the cell? What about translation?

Transcription: Nucleus, Translation: Ribosomes in the cytoplasm

100
What is the monomer of proteins? 

Amino acids

100
If an mRNA strand has 75 nitrogen bases, how many amino acids will make up the final protein?
25 amino acids (75 bases/3 bases per codon = 25 amino acids)
200

Nucleotides, the monomers of nucleic acids, are made up of what three parts?

A phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen(ous) base

200

What enzyme adds complimentary bases to form an mRNA strand during transcription? 

RNA Polymerase

200

What is the result of transcribing this DNA strand? ATC - GGA - TCT

UAG - CCU - AGA

200

In your codon chart, you can see that several different codons can code for the same amino acid (this is called redundancy). What is an advantage of redundancy? 

Redundancy reduces the chance that a mutation results in the addition of a different amino acid. 

300

What are three structural differences between DNA and RNA?

DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded; DNA has a deoxyribose sugar, while RNA has a ribose sugar; and DNA has the bases ATCG, while RNA has the bases AUCG

300

What enzyme adds complimentary bases to a template strand of DNA during DNA replication?

DNA Polymerase

300
What DNA strand was used as a template for this mRNA strand?: CAU - GUA - UUA

GTA - CAT - AAT

300

There are three main types of RNA used in protein synthesis. What is the FULL NAME of these three types?

Messenger RNA, Transfer RNA, and Ribosomal RNA

400

What molecule aids in translation by reading codons and bringing the correct amino acid to the ribosome? Must state the FULL NAME of this molecule. 

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

400

What is the sequence of three nitrogen bases on a tRNA molecule called?

An anticodon
400

What are the amino acids that will be produced from this DNA strand? GGT - AAA - CTG

Pro - Phe - Asp

400

What are four possible outcomes of a DNA mutation on a protein?

The protein could have a changed amino acid; it could be shortened (premature stop codon) or made longer (additional codons); or it could stay the exact same (no change in amino acid). 

500
What molecule carries DNA's information from the nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm? Must state FULL NAME of the molecule. 

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

500

A tRNA molecule has the anticodon AGG. What amino acid does it carry?

Serine (Ser)

500
What is the difference between a point mutation and an insertion/deletion? 

Point mutations occur when a base is changed (e.g. from A to C). Insertions/deletions occur when bases are added or subtracted (so the total # of bases changes). 

500
There are two types of DNA nitrogen bases - purines and pyrimidines. Which bases are purines, and which are pyrimidines?

Adenine and guanine are purines, while cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines.