Anatomy
Localize the lesion that causes denial of ownership of a limb
What is the contralateral supra marginal gyrus of the parietal lobe (most likely non dominant)?
Anterior temporal lobe atrophy and aphasia
What is semantic variant PPA?
Most common mutation in pts with Early-Onset Familial AD.
What is presenilin-1 (PSEN1)?
Glial cytoplasmic inclusions in a patient with Parkinsonism, ataxia, and autonomic failure.
What is MSA?
Memantine improves symptoms in AD by being an antagonist to which receptor?
What is NMDA glutamate receptor?
Localize the lesion that causes akinetic mutism
What is medial frontal lesions- anterior cingulate gyrus?
Earliest region to demonstrate hypo metabolism on FDG-PET in AD.
What is medial parietal cortex and posterior cingulate?
Responsible neurochemical for the clinical picture of fever, involuntary jerking, agitation, confusion, tremulousness, tachycardia.
What is serotonin activation? Don't forget tramadol and dextromethorphan.
Associated with REM-sleep behavior disorder
What is alpha synucleinopathy?
The diagnostic test that is only FDA approved to differentiate between AD and FTD.
What is FDG-PET?
Lesion that leads to transcortical motor aphasia- area that acts as a "pacemaker" for verbal output.
Imaging findings in a 62 yo woman with progressive difficulty with vision despite 20/20 vision.
What are the posterior cortical regions of the brain- parieto-occipital lobes?
Mutation on chr 17q21-22 familial syndrome.
What is FTD?
Right arm rigidity and posturing. Tau-positive inclusions in astrocytes and oligodendroglia in left parietal lobe.
What is corticobasal degeneration?
What is increased tau with decreased beta-amyloid?
What is the amygdala?
Disease associated with bilateral caudate atrophy on imaging.
What is Huntington's disease?
Source of the major cholinergic projections to the cerebral cortex.
What is the basal nucleus? (nucleus basalis of meynert)
Name the pathology and its location in a 72 yo man with progressive decline, inattentiveness, visual hallucinations, mild Parkinsonism.
What are neuronal alpha synucleinopathy?
What nonprescription intervention provides cognitive protection in middle age to later ages?
What is cardiorespiratory fitness?
Thalamic nucleus that connects to the prefrontal cortex who lesion leads to disinhibition and poor executive function.
What is the dorsomedial (or mediodorsal) nucleus?
Most specific in vivo reflection of amyloid-beta protein load.
What is Amyloid PET (aka Pittsburgh compound B, etc)?
Spongiform change, intense gliosis, and neuronal loss
What is CJD?
Parkinsonism, bradykinesia, postural instability, rigidity, impaired voluntary eye movements, intact oculocephalic reflex.
What are tau inclusions in the substantial nigra?
First step in managing a patient with AD who has acute onset agitation, irritability, aggressiveness, and distractibility.
What is conduct an assessment for underlying causes, e.g. check a UA?