Health concept
Being healthy is just the absence of illness.
True or False
False.
It is the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease.
What is a symptom of a disease? Definition and example
Symptoms are subjective manifestations that a person explains about their illness, such as pain, fatigue, sadness, or lack of appetite.
Name three examples of primary barriers
There are 4 types
- Physical (skin, mucous membranes)
- Chemical (found in tears, saliva...)
- Biological (microbiota)
What medicine is used to treat bacterial infections?
Antibiotics
Give an example of a SIGN of a disease
The example has to be something OBJECTIVE, that can be seen or measured
Which organization do the initials WHO correspond to?
World Health Organization
Transmission can occur mainly in two ways: name them and give an example of each
Direct transmission (direct contact with skin, aerosols, sexual contact)
Indirect transmission (inanimate objects, air, water or food, vectors).
In the secondary barriers: white blood cells that engulf and incorporate the pathogen into their cytoplasm and digest it until it is destroyed.
Phagocytes
What is a transplant?
It is the replacement of an organ, tissue, or cells that do not function properly with a healthy one
Type of immunity present from birth.
INNATE
The WHO currently defines health as:
The state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease.
Name the four possible portals of entry and exit in the human body
Cutaneous, digestive, respiratory, genital
Name of the proteins that act as receptors and recognize antigens, and what type of lymphocytes produce them?
Antibodies, produced by lymphocytes B
Name three healthy habits that help reduce the likelihood of developing illnesses.
Rest as much as needed.
Maintain a balanced diet.
Encourage social activity.
Exercise regularly.
Eliminate harmful habits.
Attend medical check-ups.
Maintain proper hygiene.
Substance that our body recognizes as foreign and that triggers a specific immune response.
ANTIGEN
Name the factors that affect our health
Biological factors
Personal lifestyle
Environmental factors
Healthcare
What are the microorganisms that cause infectious diseases called? Also, give 3 examples.
Infectious diseases are disorders caused by microorganisms (pathogens), such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or protozoa.
What are the two types of acquired immune response? In which of the two do T lymphocytes participate?
Humoral and cellular response; T lymphocytes participate in the cellular response.
Immune response that can occur in the recipient of a transplant because their body recognizes the transplanted cells, tissues, or organs as foreign.
Rejection
In the epidemiological chain: natural habitat where a pathogen lives and reproduces.
RESERVOIR
What is the difference between an infectious and a non-infectious disease? Give an example of a disease for each type.
Infectious diseases are diseases that can be transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person and are caused by pathogens.
Non-infectious diseases are those that cannot be transmitted from one person to another and are caused by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors.
The female Anopheles mosquito transmits the malaria protozoa. The mosquito acts in the transmission as....
vector
Explain one difference between innate and acquired immunity.
Innate: it is present from birth. It is nonspecific (it acts against any type of microorganism or particle that is foreign to our body in the same way). Primary barriers, phagocytes, and inflammatory response.
Acquired: It is formed to act in a specific way (it acts selectively against specific microorganisms or foreign molecules (antigens)). These are the lymphocytes.
How do vaccines work?
It provides us with artificial and long-lasting immunity.
1. The vaccine is administered to a healthy person.
2. The healthy person's immune system detects the microbe and produces specific antibodies against it and memory lymphocytes.
3. If the person is exposed to the pathogen again, their memory lymphocytes can respond more quickly to destroy it and prevent infection.
In this secondary barrier, there is an increase in blood flow at the site of the injury, resulting in heat, redness, and swelling.
Inflammatory response