Politics
This is one of the 5 pillars of Islam and involves making a pilgrimage to Mecca (a holy location to Muslims). Mansa Musa famously went on this pilgrimage.
Hajj
The elite infantry unit of the Ottoman Empire that were recruited through the process of Devshirme
Janissaries
Ibn Battuta
The powerful trading company that dominated the spice trade in Asia during the Age of Exploration (VOC)
Dutch East India Company
City within the Mali empire that would become known as the center of Islamic culture and scholarship in West Africa
Timbuktu
Disease of the 14th century that swept through Central Asia and Europe, killing millions
Black Death
English writer and advocate for women's rights who wrote "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman"
Mary Wollstonecraft
The official policy of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa
Apartheid
These triangular sails allowed ships to sail closer to the wind, aiding navigation in the Indian Ocean.
Lateen Sails
Economic policy that aimed to export more than import to increase a nation's wealth and power
Mercantilism
This philosophy emphasizes respect for family, elders, and ancestors in Chinese society
Confucianism
Seasonal winds that were crucial for maritime trade in the Indian Ocean
Monsoon Winds
Type of family structure that consists of parents and their children in one household
Nuclear Family
Fascist leader of Italy during WWII
Benito Mussolini
Invented during the Industrial Revolution, this innovation powered factories and transformed transportation
Steam Engine
Economist who is known as the father of modern economics and wrote the book "The Wealth of Nations"
Adam Smith
The two competing sects within the religion of Islam that disagree on the successor to Muhammad
Sunni & Shia
Animals that revolutionized travel, trade, and warfare for early civilizations in the Americas
Llamas/Alpacas
Ideology that applied Darwin's theory of natural selection to human society
Social Darwinism
Political group led by Lenin that seized power in the Russian Revolution of 1917
Bolsheviks
Powerful weapon was dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II
Atomic Bomb
They were the Aztec long-distance traveling merchants in Mesoamerica
Pochteca
This movement in China, led by Mao Zedong, aimed to preserve communist ideology by removing capitalist influences.
Cultural Revolution
Deadly disease introduced to the Americas by European colonizers that decimated indigenous populations
Smallpox
This term refers to the generation of people who came of age during or just after World War I, as described by Ernest Hemingway
Lost Generation
Mongol ruler that established the Yuan Dynasty in China
Kublai Khan
This center of learning in Baghdad translated and preserved ancient Greek and Roman texts during the Islamic Golden Age.
House of Wisdom
Traveling merchants would stop at these inns along the Silk Road and Trans-Saharan trade network
Caravanserai
Founder of Sikhism
Guru Nanek
animal that was introduced to the Americas by the Spanish and transformed the lives of Indigenous peoples
Horses
In Latin America, this term was used to refer to people of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry
Mestizo
Korean dynasty that lasted for approximately five centuries and was known for its Confucian-inspired governance
Joseon Dynasty
Type of ship that enabled European explorers to navigate the uncharted waters during the Age of Exploration
Caravel
The U.S. initiative to aid Western Europe's economic recovery after World War II
Marshall Plan
Hindu religious movement that emphasized personal devotion to a deity for salvation
Bhakti Movement
This catastrophic event in British-ruled India caused millions of deaths in the early 1940s.
Bengal Famine
Group of people who originated in Central Asia and established a vast empire in the 11th and 12th centuries. Known for their military prowess and were instrumental in spreading Islam and Islamic culture in the region
Seljuk Turks