Ultrasound Basics
Which mode shows a continuous tracing of motion?
M-mode
What color usually represents fluid?
Black (anechoic)
What artifact shows multiple parallel lines?
Reverberation
What’s the first structure seen in early pregnancy?
Gestational sac
What is the most common cause of fatty infiltration of the liver?
Obesity
What does “B-mode” stand for?
Brightness mode
What space separates the liver and right kidney?
Morrisons Pouch
What causes a dark shadow behind bones or stones?
Acoustic shadowing
What does CRL stand for?
Crown-Rump Length
What sonographic sign describes gallstones with a bright echo and posterior shadow?
WES sign (Wall-Echo-Shadow)
What is the bright line seen around organs called?
Capsule or echogenic border
What artifact makes fluid areas appear brighter?
Posterior enhancement
Around what week can fetal heartbeat be seen?
6 weeks
A complex cyst with internal echoes and septations may indicate what pathology?
Hemorrhagic or infected cyst
What landmark do the PTV’s and peritoneal sit between?
Just anterior to the fibula and the hyperechoic line that marks the fascia
What is mirror image artifact commonly seen near?
Diaphragm
What term describes fluid behind the fetal neck?
Nuchal translucency
What condition shows multiple small cysts in both kidneys and can lead to renal failure?
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)
What organ has a “starry sky” appearance when diseased?
Liver
What artifact makes a structure appear misplaced?
Refraction artifact
What is the normal fetal heart rate range?
110–160 bpm
What thyroid malignancy often presents with microcalcifications and irregular borders?
Papillary carcinoma