Cells
What do all living things have?
Cells
Cell Membrane
What does it mean if a cell is specialized?
A specialized cell has a job, like red blood cells' job is to carry oxygen
Name one organ in the digestive system.
Stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder
Why was the invention of the microscope so important?
Allowed us to discover cells
A group of cells is called?
Tissue
The powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
What is an example of a microorganism?
Bacteria, yeast, amoebas
What is the function of the excretory system?
Getting wastes out of the body, mostly by peeing, but also sweating and breathing out.
An octopus has three of what organ?
Hearts?
Under a microscope, we can see that nonliving things have ____ but are not made of ______
Under a microscope, we can see that nonliving things have shapes/structures but are not made of cells.
Brain of the cell, contains DNA
Nucleus
What is the difference between plant cells and animal cells?
Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a permanent vacuole.
Animal cells have primary cilia and lysosomes.
When a body system stops working, what happens?
It always affects at least one other system, and sometimes all systems are affected!
What is homeostasis?
The body's ability to keep everything stable and balanced, or just right, inside even when there are changes outside the body
Explain how cells are similar to body systems.
The organelles in a cell are like organs in a body system, they work together to make the system function normally.
Stores water, salts, and other things
Vacuole
Name a type of specialized cell and how it affects a body system.
Neurons - cells that send signals in the nervous system
Red blood cells - transport oxygen from the respiratory system, throughout the circulatory system
White blood cells - fight off pathogens to help all body systems overcome infection
Osteocytes - cells in our bones that help heal/grow the skeletal system
Enterocytes - cells that absorb nutrients in the digestive system
Podocytes - cells that remove toxins from blood in the excretory system
Muscle cells - contract and relax to create movement in the muscular system
Explain how the respiratory and circulatory system work together.
The respiratory system brings in oxygen, and the circulatory system transports the oxygen to cells around the body.
What part of your body has the most bones in it?
Your feet!
If an organelle stops working, what can happen to the cell?
All of the other organelles and the whole cell can be affected because the cell is a system.
Makes proteins
Ribosomes
What is the difference between microorganisms and most multicellular organisms?
Microorganisms can have only one cell but multicellular organisms like animals and plants always have more than one cell.
Starting with 'organelles' and ending with 'organisms,' what are the organizational levels of a multicellular organism?
organelles < cells < tissues < organs < body systems < organisms
What is the name of a body system we did not study in class?
Immune system, reproductive systems, endocrine system, integumentary system