A person's self-reliance, independence, and self-sufficiency. the capacity to make decisions and act on them.
What is autonomy?
100
Teaching a new response triggered by a new stimulus by pairing it repeatedly with a stimulus for which there is a physiological reflex.
What is classical conditioning?
100
The knowledge that something hidden from view is not gone forever but rather is in another location at that time and likely to reappear.
What is object permanence?
100
Development in a pattern from the head downward, toward the feet (head to toe).
What is cephalocaudal?
100
For children, a group that nurtures a sense of belonging among the children and adults in a program where children learn that all contribute to each other's learning.
What is community of learners?
200
A form of attentive listening in which one concentrates on what is being said, then reflects the ideas back to the speaker to show an understanding of what the speaker is feeling and saying.
What is active listening?
200
Providing an example, being a role model. In positive guidance, the adult is the primary role model.
What is modeling?
200
An action repeated because it produced a favorable response in the past. A behavior is taught by the reinforcing response of another person.
What is learned behavior?
200
Seeing oneself as a worthwhile individual.
What is self-esteem?
200
A response developed through the use of all the senses; an association of things seen, felt, heard, tasted, and smelled with other meaningful sensations or events.
What is unconscious conditioning?
300
Development in a direction from closest to the body's trunk to the farthest, such as controlling the muscles of the trunk, then the muscles down the arms, and finally the hands.
What is proximodistal?
300
Perception of oneself in terms of personal worth, life, and school successes, and perceived social status.
What is self-concept?
300
Interactive (or control) style relying on one-way communication, rigid rules, and punishment.
What is authoritarian style?
300
The process of recognizing and responding to threat or danger.
What is stress?
300
Seeing oneself as the center of the universe, self-centered, selfish. This point of view is a perfectly normal developmental characteristic of babies and very young children.
What is egocentric?
400
Comprehension of written, signed, or spoken communication expressed by others.
What is receptive language?
400
The ability to understand or have concern for someone other than oneself, marked by identification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings, and motives.
What is empathy?
400
Interactive (or control) style relying on two-way communication, collaboratively developed rules, and positive guidance.
What is authoritative style?
400
A kind of learning that occurs when a spontaneous behavior is either reinforced by a reward or discouraged by punishment.
What is operant conditioning?
400
A person's ability to take action to make his or her life better, arising out of a sense of not being in control.
What is learned helplessness?
500
Typical toddler group behavior in which one child's gleeful action, for example, foot stamping, head shaking, or squealing, is quickly imitated by the whole group of toddlers.
What is group contagion?
500
Something taken in through the senses that might incite activity or thought; something seen, smelled, heard, felt, or tasted; an incentive for action.
What is stimuli?
500
Interactive (or control) style relying on neglect, abdication of responsibility, or over-indulgence.
What is permissive style?
500
Sense of security; belief that one's needs will be met.
What is trust?
500
Communication with others verbally, in sign language, or in writing.