Plant Reproduction
Pollination and Inheritance
Blood pH and Buffers
Homeostatic Control
Islamic Reflections: Balance and Design
100

This male part of the flower consists of the anther and filament

Stamen
100

Wind-pollinated flowers have this type of stigma, which hangs outside the flower to trap pollen.

Feathery (branched)

100

The normal range for human arterial blood pH is 7.35 to this value.

7.45

100

The lungs help control blood pH by excreting this gas.

Carbon dioxide 

100

This Arabic term, meaning moderation and balanced harmony, is illustrated by blood pH staying between 7.35 and 7.45.

Wassatiyah 

200

The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma is called this.

Pollination 

200

In pea plants, a plant with the genotype Tt is described by this term, meaning its two alleles differ.

Heterogenous 

200

A blood pH that falls below 7.35 is clinically termed this.

Acidosis

200

Chemical buffers, the first line of defence, act within this unit of time.

Seconds 

200

Surah 54 says Allah created all things with this “measure” or “predestined measure”, given here as an Arabic term.

Qadar 


Inna kulla shay'in khalaqnahu bi-qadar.
إِنَّا كُلَّ شَىْءٍ خَلَقْنَـٰهُ بِقَدَرٍۢ,

300

Asexual reproduction in plants relies entirely on this type of cell division, producing genetically identical clones.

Mitosis

300

A cross between two heterozygous tall pea plants (Tt × Tt) produces tall and dwarf offspring in this phenotype ratio.

3 tall : 1 dwarf

300

This ion, which lowers pH when it accumulates, is bound by buffers such as bicarbonate.

Hydrogen ion (H⁺)

300

This organ system is the only one able to excrete non-volatile acids such as sulphuric and phosphoric acids.

The Kidneys (renal system)

300

“This Surah, whose name means ‘The Moon’, contains the verse stating Allah created all things with predestined measure.”

Al-Qamar

400

After pollen lands on the stigma, this structure grows down through the style towards the ovule.

Pollen tube 

400

A homozygous recessive white-flowered pea plant (pp) is crossed with a heterozygous purple plant (Pp). This percentage of the offspring will be purple.

50%

400

This is the primary extracellular buffer system in blood, formed from carbonic acid and bicarbonate.

The Carbonic Acid - Bicarbonate Equilibrium

400

Detecting rising CO₂ and H⁺, this part of the brain stimulates hyperventilation.

Medulla 

400

The Quran says that those invoked besides Allah can never create even this small insect.

A fly

500

After fertilisation, the ovary wall expands and develops into this structure.

Fruit 

500

Prolonged selective breeding narrows the gene pool, which increases the vulnerability of crops to this.

Disease (pathogens)

500

Because the pH scale is logarithmic, a drop from pH 7.4 to 6.4 represents this many times more free H⁺ ions.

Ten times (tenfold)

500

A patient hypoventilates and retains CO₂. Blood pH does this, and the kidneys compensate by secreting H⁺ ions.

Falls 

500

In the Tafsir Ibn Kathir passage on Surah Al-Hajj 22:73, the fly is described as the weakest of these.

Allah's creatures