Glossary of Terms
Anonymity
A type of study designed to gather knowledge that has direct clinical application
Applied research
established to protect the rights and welfare of human research subjects and provides a mechanism for reviewing research proposals
Institutional Review Boards (IRB)
What is understood to be the core of the Nuremberg Code
The principle of informed consent
The number of stages are there in the research process
5.
1. Selecting and defining the problem
2. Selecting a research design
3. Collecting data
4. Analyzing data
5. Using the research findings
Correlational research
a descriptive study that does not exhibit a great amount of control over variables
Non-experimental research
a statement of ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects
Declaration of Helsinki
the protection of subjects participating in a research study
Human Rights
a study that collects data at a particular point in time and does not require follow-up
Cross sectional research
category of research that may qualify for an expedited review, such as when a study consists of surveys, interviews, review of existing records, provided that the data is collected in such a way that subjects cannot be identified
Expedited Institutional Board Review
violated basic bioethical principles of respect for autonomy and nonmaleficence
Tuskegee Study
The relationship between potential harm to subjects and potential positive outcomes of participating in a research study
Risk-benefit ratio
A type of non-research study designed to provide a knowledge base when little is known about a phenomenon; Used to describe variables rather than to test a predicted relationship
Descriptive research
A study that follows a cohort of subjects and collects data over time
Longitudinal research
An example of an unethical clinical experiment and concluded that “there is no right to risk an injury to one person for the benefit of others.”
Willowbrook Study
protecting data that are gathered or learned from patients by not disclosing information without those patient's permission
Confidentiality
A study in which the researcher manipulates and controls one or more variables and observes the effect on one or more other variables
Experimental research
o ensure participants have the autonomous right to self-determination
Principle of Self-Determination
The purpose of this study was to understand the development of norms and the effects of roles, labels, and social expectations in a simulated prison environment.
Stanford Prison Experiment