Pathophysiology
A condition where the body becomes resistant to insulin.
What is Type II diabetes mellitus?
Increased thirst and frequent urination.
What are common early symptoms of diabetes?
A fast-acting treatment used when blood sugar is too low.
What is glucose tablets or juice?
Sugary drinks and processed foods.
What foods should be limited in diabetes?
Damage to blood vessels leading to heart disease or stroke.
What is cardiovascular disease related to diabetes?
Daily foot checks for cuts, redness, or swelling.
What is an important self-care practice for diabetics?
A hormone that helps glucose enter cells.
What is insulin?
Blurred vision, fatigue, and slow-healing wounds.
What are signs of uncontrolled blood sugar?
A type of diabetes medication that is taken by mouth instead of injection.
What is an oral antidiabetic drug?
Losing excess weight and managing stress.
What lifestyle changes improve blood sugar control?
Kidney damage caused by prolonged hyperglycemia.
What is diabetic nephropathy?
Regular doctor visits to monitor blood sugar and complications.
What helps detect problems early in diabetes?
Decreased cellular response to insulin despite normal or high levels
What is insulin resistance?
A fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L.
What is a diagnostic level for diabetes?
First-line medication that decreases hepatic glucose production.
What is Metformin?
The recommended weekly amount of moderate aerobic exercise, about 150 minutes.
What is the guideline for physical activity in diabetes?
Nerve damage, especially in the feet.
What is diabetic neuropathy?
A condition of elevated blood pressure often seen with diabetes.
What is hypertension?
The organ primarily responsible for insulin production.
What is the pancreas?
An HbA1c level of 6.5% or higher.
What confirms a diagnosis of diabetes?
Medications that increase insulin secretion from the pancreas.
What are sulfonylureas?
Monitoring carbohydrate intake to control blood sugar levels.
What is carbohydrate counting?
Damage to small blood vessels affecting the eyes.
What is diabetic retinopathy?
Excess body fat, especially around the abdomen.
What is central obesity?
Progressive decline in beta-cell function over time.
What contributes to worsening Type II diabetes?
A test measuring blood glucose response after a glucose load.
What is the oral glucose tolerance test?
A major side effect of insulin or some oral agents.
What is hypoglycemia?
A structured plan combining diet, exercise, medication, and monitoring.
What is comprehensive diabetes management?
A life-threatening condition with very high blood glucose and dehydration, without ketosis.
What is hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)?
A cluster of conditions including high blood sugar, high blood pressure, and abnormal cholesterol.
What is metabolic syndrome?