Bioenergetics
What is the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis?
Phosphofructokinase
The contractility of the heart.
Inotropy
What RER would someone be oxidizing 50% fat and 50% carbohydrates?
0.85
Represents ventricular depolarization
QRS complex
Smallest contractile unit of muscle.
Sarcomere
Where does the electron transport chain occur?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Group of cells that pace the heart.
Sinoatrial node (SA Node)
What element do amino acids have that fats and carbohydrates do not?
Nitrogen
What is the duration of one small box on an ECG strip?
0.04 seconds
These fibers have slow contractile velocity and high resistance to fatigue.
Type I
This enzyme is used to synthesize ATP from ADP and PCr.
Creatine Kinase
This valve is located between the left ventricle and left atria.
Mitral or bicuspid
The period of time in the ‘lag’ of oxygen uptake at the beginning of exercise.
Oxygen deficit
Recording speed of ECG
25mm/s
(One large box = 5mm) = 0.2s
Collection of muscle fibers
Fascicle
This 4 carbon molecule binds with Acetyl CoA to form this 6 carbon molecule.
What is the 4 carbon molecule?
What is the 2 carbon molecule?
4 = Oxaloacetate
6 = Citrate
Epinephrine binds to this receptor in the heart to cause increase in heart rate and contractility.
Beta 1 Receptor
The point at which blood lactate rises above 4 mmol
Onset of Blood Lactate Accumulation
(OBLA)
Interpret strip B
Atrial flutter
Responsible for bringing Ca++ back into the SR
SERCA
Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-ATPase
This shuttle transports hydrogens into muscle and brain tissue.
(Hint: 1 NADH outside the cell = 1 FADH inside the cell)
Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle
What channel opens to causes a plateau during phase 2 of a non-pacemaker action potential?
L-type Channels (Calcium)
The process of converting lactate into glucose.
Cori cycle
Interpret strip A
Torsade de Pointes
Passive protein that attaches to the Z-disc and myosin.
Titin