Foundations of clinical practice 1
Number one cause of preventable disease, disability, and death in U.S.
Smoking
Test's ability to accurately detect those with the disease
Sensitivity
Most common cause of vaginitis
Bacterial vaginosis
Urine leakage with coughing, sneezing, laughing
Stress urinary incontinence
Most common cause of acute urinary retention in men
BPH
Recommended minimum weekly physical activity
150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity
Test's ability to identify those without the disease
Specificity
Clinical diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis
Any three: vaginal pH >4.5; thin, homogenous discharge; positive whiff test result; 20% clue cells
First-line therapy for stress urinary incontinence
Pelvic floor muscle training
Initial drug therapy for LUTS
α-Blocker
Four-step quality improvement method
Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle
Calculation for number needed to treat
1/absolute risk reduction
Preferred diagnostic test for trichomoniasis
Nucleic acid amplification testing
Initial treatment of urge urinary incontinence
Bladder training and timed voiding
Irritative voiding accompanied by new onset of perineal pain and fever
Acute prostatitis
Structured communication strategies to improve handoffs
I-PASS, call-outs, SBAR, closed-loop communication
Increase in disease probability with positive LRs of 2, 5, and 10
15%, 30%, and 45%
Vaginitis that requires partner treatment
Trichomoniasis
Initial evaluation for overflow urinary incontinence
Ultrasonography for postvoid residual urine volume measurement
Oral antibiotic treatment of acute bacterial prostatitis
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, or levofloxacin
Contributors of suboptimal care transitions
Poor communication among team; inadequate information transfer and patient education
Length-time bias
Survival time appears longer because screening detects indolent disease
Treatment of asymptomatic vaginal candidiasis
None
Treatment of functional urinary incontinence
Prompted voiding
Recommended test for all patients first presenting with ED
Morning total testosterone level