Pulmonology 1
Lifestyle interventions for asthma
Allergen control, weight loss, no smoking
Add-on therapy to short-acting bronchodilators in COPD
LABA and/or LAMA
Target MAP in septic shock
60-65 mm Hg
First-line vasopressor for septic shock
Norepinephrine
Most common cause of abnormal liver test results
MASLD
Imaging for evaluation of solid lung nodule >8 mm
CT and PET
Most common causes of pleural effusion
Heart failure, pneumonia, malignancy
Timing of antibiotic therapy in suspected sepsis
Within first hour
Initial fluid resuscitation bolus for sepsis
30 mL/kg of crystalloid solution
Mandatory test in patients with cirrhosis with new-onset ascites
Diagnostic paracentesis
Empiric antibiotic class for bronchiectasis exacerbation
Fluoroquinolone
Drug treatments for high-altitude pulmonary edema
Nifedipine, PDE-5 inhibitor
Evidence-supported ventilation type in neuromuscular disease
NPPV
Ventilatory treatment of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure from OHS
BPAP
Treatment for liver disease and iron overload secondary to hereditary hemochromatosis
Phlebotomy
Diagnostic tests for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Aspergillus-specific IgE and IgG; total IgE; Aspergillus antigen skin test; blood eosinophil
Pleural fluid LDH level in exudative pleural effusion
>2/3 upper limit of normal for serum LDH
Plateau pressure recommended in ARDS
<30 cm H2O
Indicator of impending respiratory failure in asthma
Normal or elevated PCO2
Diagnosis characterized by cirrhosis-related orthodeoxia and platypnea
Hepatopulmonary syndrome
Treatment for CTEPH
Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy and anticoagulation
Characteristics of idiopathic NSIP compared with IPF
Typically affects younger population, has more favorable prognosis
Diagnosis suggested by CNS depression, increased anion gap metabolic acidosis, increased osmolal gap
Ethylene glycol or methanol ingestion
Treatment for malignant hyperthermia
Discontinue triggering agent, begin active cooling, administer dantrolene
Liver transplantation indications
Acute liver failure, MELD 3.0 score ≥15, decompensated cirrhosis, or hepatocellular carcinoma