Cardiology
Impact of obesity on BNP levels
Lowers
Initial fluid resuscitation bolus for sepsis
30 mL/kg of crystalloid solution
First lab test for thyroid nodule
TSH level
Lifestyle interventions for asthma
Allergen control, weight loss, no smoking
Most common causes of AKI in hospitalized patients
Prerenal AKI and ATN
Imaging method of choice to diagnose TAA
CT angiography
Test indicated in suspected acute hypercapnic respiratory failure
Arterial blood gas
Most common cause of non–PTH-mediated hypercalcemia
Malignancy
Pleural fluid enzyme test for TB
Adenosine deaminase
Diagnostic test for white coat hypertension
Ambulatory or home BP monitoring
Concentric ventricular wall thickness with low QRS voltage
Cardiac amyloidosis
Contraindications to NPPV
Altered mental status, increased secretions, vomiting, inability to protect airway
Treatment of arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus)
Desmopressin
Diagnosis suggested by environmental exposure, fever, fatigue, cough
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Preferred marker of glomerular filtration when creatinine is likely inaccurate
Cystatin C
Hypotension, back pain, and drop in hemoglobin level after femoral artery access for cardiac catheterization
Retroperitoneal hemorrhage
Diagnosis suggested by hyperthermia, rigidity, inhaled anesthetic
Malignant hyperthermia
Morning cortisol level that rules out deficiency
>15 µg/dL
Anterior mediastinal mass entities
Thymoma, teratoma, lymphoma, thyroid
Common presentation of anti-GBM antibody disease
RPGN plus pulmonary hemorrhage
Three most common genetic conditions that require screening for aortic disease
Marfan, Ehlers-Danlos, and Turner syndromes
Diagnosis suggested by CNS depression, increased anion gap metabolic acidosis, increased osmolal gap
Ethylene glycol or methanol ingestion
Diagnosis suggested by rapid-onset virilization, menstrual irregularities
Androgen-secreting adrenal tumor
First-line therapy for PAH if tolerated
Endothelin-1 receptor antagonist plus PDE-5 inhibitor
Causes of increased anion gap metabolic acidosis with high osmolal gap
Methanol, ethylene glycol, or propylene glycol