Show:
North vs South
Territory Problems
Political Parties
Slavery
The End?
100
What state seceded first?
South Carolina
100
What happened when Kansas voted on a government for the first time?
• In 1855, Kansas holds election for territorial legislature • Proslavery “border ruffians” vote illegally, win fraudulent majority • Proslavery government in Lecompton; antislavery rival in Topeka
100
What split many parties
slavery
100
What country did many slaves escape to?
Canada
100
When did the Confederacy form
Feb 1861.....one month before Lincoln became President
200
What happened in the Dred Scott case
• Dred Scott, slave who had lived in free areas sues for freedom • 1857, Chief Justice Roger B. Taney hands down decision - slaves do not have rights of citizens - no claim to freedom, suit begun in slave state - Congress cannot forbid slavery in territories because it would interfere with a slaveholder’s right to own property
200
How did Sen Stephen Douglas get the Compromise of 1850 passed?
reintroduces resolutions individually
200
Describe the beleifs of the Free-Soilers (2)
• Free-Soil Party opposes extension of slavery into territories • Many Free-Soilers not abolitionists; support restrictions on blacks • Object to slavery’s impact on white wage-based labor force • Convinced of conspiracy to spread slavery throughout U.S.
200
Who was Harriet Tubman
• She escaped from slavery, becomes conductor on 19 trips for Underground Railroad
200
What did President Buchanan say about states seceding?
Buchanan calls secession illegal, says also illegal, to stop it
300
Describe the economies in the North in the 1850s.
Industry and Immigration in the North • 1850s North industrialized; makes large amount, variety of products • Railroads carry raw materials east, manufactures and settlers west - small towns quickly become cities - telegraph wires provide fast communication • Immigrants become industrial workers, fear expansion of slavery - slave labor might compete with free labor - could reduce status of white workers unable to compete
300
What were key parts of the Compromise of 1850? (Name 2)
• California admitted as a free state • Utah and New Mexico territories decide about slavery • Fugitive Slave Act required people in the free states to help capture and return escaped slaves. Also • Texas-New Mexico boundary dispute resolved; Texas paid $10 million by federal government. • The sale of slaves banned in the District of Columbia. But slavery itself may continue there.
300
What was Nativism and believers formed which party?
• Nativism—belief in favoring native-born Americans over immigrants • Nativists form American Party (1854), known as Know-Nothing Party,used passwords and secret handshakes…..“I know nothing.” • Middle-class Protestants afraid of Catholicism; split over slavery (North vs. South)
300
What was the Underground railroad?
• Underground Railroad—secret network of people who help slaves escape
300
Why did states secede?
- want complete independence from federal control - fear end to their way of life - want to preserve slave labor system
400
Describe the economies in the South in the 1850s.
Agriculture and Slavery in the South • South predominantly rural, mostly plantations and small farms • Economy relies on cash crops; manufacture under 10% of U.S. goods • Few immigrants; free, enslaved African Americans meet labor needs • In 3 states, blacks are majority; in 2, are half of population • Whites fear restriction of slavery will change society, economy
400
What is popular sovereignty and why was this concept important in the territories?
The people decide. This is how slavery would be decided on in the territories.
400
Describe the Lincoln Douglas Debates
Lincoln Challenges Douglas • 1858, Republican Abraham Lincoln runs for Douglas’s Senate seat • Because Lincoln unknown, challenges Douglas to 7 debates about slavery in the Territories Positions and Arguments • Douglas: slavery slavery backward, not immoral; Lincoln: slavery immoral • Douglas thinks popular sovereignty will undo slavery • Lincoln thinks legislation needed to stop spread of slavery • Both men distort other’s views, make them seem extreme The Freeport Doctrine • Lincoln: how to form free states if territories must allow slavery • Douglas’s Freeport Doctrine—elect leaders who do not enforce slavery • Douglas wins seat; doctrine worsens regional split between Democrats • Lincoln’s attacks on “vast moral evil” of slavery draw attention
400
How did Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin depict slavery and what was the impact
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin shows slavery as moral problem, not just political It stirred protest
400
What happened at Harpers Ferry?
• John Brown plans to start a slave uprising, needs weapons • 1859, leads band to federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry to get arms • U.S. Marines put down rebellion, capture Brown John Brown’s Hanging • Brown is hanged for high treason, December 1859 • Many Northerners admire Brown; Southerners fear future uprisings
500
How did the issue of slavery impact the relation between northern and southern states?
In the 1950s it dominated everything as the issue over extension of slavery into the territories became big. Each side attempted to maintain their power in Congress. The south attempted to maintain their way fo life?
500
Describe the The Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Divide the area into two territories • Senator Douglas’s bill repeals Missouri Compromise; bitter debate ensues • 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act allows popular sovereignty on slavery
500
What party and individual won the 1860 presidential election. What was unique about the vote?
Republicans and Lincoln • Lincoln wins with less than half of popular vote - gets no Southern electoral votes
500
What was the Fugitive Slave Act and how did northerners react?its impact?
• Fugitive Slave Act—part of Compromise of 1850, has very harsh terms • Alleged fugitives denied jury trial, right to testify on own behalf • Federal commissioners paid more for returning than freeing accused - $10 fee if they returned an alleged fugitive, but only $5 if they freed him or her • People convicted of helping a fugitive fined $1,000, imprisoned for six months, or both Resisting the Law • Northerners send fugitives to Canada, some use force in rescues • Personal liberty laws forbid prison for fugitives, grant jury trials - dragged these trials out—often for three or four years
500
What led to Kansas being called Bleeding Kansas
• Proslavery grand jury brands people of antislavery Lawrence traitors - posse of 800 burns, loots town “The Pottawatomie Massacre” • Abolitionist John Brown believes God wants him to fight slavery • Brown, followers violently kill 5 men in “Pottawatomie Massacre” • Territory called Bleeding Kansas for incidents that kill some 200