Vocabulary & Key Terms
What is a labor union?
When the workers came together to fight for better pay
What major historical change caused the union movement post civil war?
Industrialization
What was the goal of the Haymarket Square protest?
To demand an 8-hour workday
What was the purpose of the Sherman Antitrust Act?
To limit monopolies and protect competition
Who founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL)?
Samuel Gompers
What is collective bargaining?
Negotiating between workers and employers
What three main goals did labor unions fight for?
Higher pay, shorter hours, better conditions
Where did the Haymarket Square Riot take place?
Chicago
In what year was the Sherman Antitrust Act passed?
1890
Who founded the Knights of Labor?
Uriah Smith Stephens
What is a strike?
When workers stop working to demand change
What two major inventions helped expand business nationwide?
Railroads and the telegraph
What event caused the Haymarket protest to turn deadly?
A bomb thrown during the protest
What business practices did the Sherman Antitrust Act make illegal?
Trusts and monopolies
Who led the Pullman Strike and later ran for president five times?
Eugene V. Debs
What is a monopoly?
A company that controls an entire industry
Why did large corporations replace many small businesses?
They lowered costs and increased profits
Why did workers strike against the Pullman Company?
Wages were cut but rent stayed high
How did the Sherman Antitrust Act help protect competition?
By breaking up large companies
What theory believed that workers should benefit more fairly from the wealth they create?
Socialism
What is a strike breaker?
Someone who replaces the people on strike
What major problems did industrial workers face in the late 1800s?
Low pay, long hours, unsafe conditions, child labor
What action did the federal government take during the Pullman Strike?
Sent in federal troops
What was the main goal of the Sherman Antitrust Act?
To stop monopolies and promote fair competition
Who founded the American Railway Union (ARU) and led the Pullman Strike?
Eugene V. Debs