Abdominals
Phrenic nerve, C3-5 (keeps the diaphragm alive)
If someone had a super 'tight' neck and was complaining of strange sensation down their arm, what may be a reason for this anatomically?
Brachial plexus is being trapped between the anterior and middle scalenes
What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?
Dynamic stabilizers: Subscapularis Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor
Which muscles are involved in tidal expiration?
Trick question-none!
Which way do the internal obliques go?
Superior when medial, tracking more inferior when lateral
Which 3 muscles make up erector spinae?
Spinalis, iliocostalis, longissimus
What are the attachments of the deltoids and what is its primary action (remember anterior, middle, posterior)
DELTOID Attachments: P: 3 heads 1. lateral 1/3 clavicle (anterior), 2. acromion (middle), 3. scapula spine (posterior) D: deltoid tuberosity of humerus Action: ABD (strong), FL, EXT GHJ Function: resist downward weight of arm. NS: Axillary n.
Name at least 2 functions of the glenoid labrum
Deepens socket • Limit accessory movement • Increases congruency of GHJ
What are the attachments of the rectus abdominus and what is its primary action?
Attachments: Superior: xiphoid process & 5-7 costal cartilages Inferior: pubic symphysis & pubic crest. Action: Trunk flexion
What are the attachments and actions (at least one of each for unilateral and bilateral) of sternocleidomastoid?
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID Attachments
Superior: mastoid process and occiput
Inferior: anterior-superior sternum (manubrium) and medial 1/3 of clavicle
NS: accessory nerve
Action & Function: Unilateral: ipsilateral lateral flexion and contralateral rotation
Bilateral: Upper cervical extension, lower cervical flexion; accessory muscle of inspiration
How do the attachments of rhomboid major and minor differ?
MINOR Attachments: P: spinous processes C7-T1, nuchal ligament D: medial border on the base of the spine of scapula
MAJOR P: spinous processes T2-5 D: medial border of scapula from spine of scapula to inferior angle
Which two muscles does the axillary nerve innervate and what are its nerve roots?
Teres minor Deltoid.
2 Assasinate, C5-6
How do each of the internal and external obliques contract to create lateral flexion and trunk rotation? Ipsilateral and contralateral etc...
Movements: Trunk lateral flexion: Ipsilateral contraction of internal & external obliques Trunk rotation: - contralateral contraction of external oblique - ipsilateral contraction of internal oblique
Where does the broad tendon attach (at least 3) and list 2 muscles that attach here?
Supraspinous ligament, sacroiliac ligaments, median sacral crest, posterior iliac crest, lumbar & thoracic spinous processes.
Iliocostalis and longissimus
What are the attachments, nerve supply and action of levator scapulae
LEVATOR SCAPULAE Attachments: P: transverse processes C1-4 D: superior angle, medial border, base (root) of spine of scapula Action: elevate scapula, side flexion of neck, control scapula in UL movements NS: dorsal scapular n.
Which cord is the musculocutaneous nerve from, which muscles does it supply and what are its nerve roots?
Arises from lateral cord of brachial plexus
Motor supply: – biceps brachii – brachialis – coracobrachialis
3 MUSkateers, C5-7
What are the attachments of the transverse abdominis? Hint: Lateral (4 listed) and medial (4 listed)
Attachments: Lateral: lateral inguinal ligament, inner anterior iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, lower 6 costal cartilages Medial: linea alba, aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest, pecten pubis via conjoint tendon
What is the action and attachments of quadratus lumborum?
Attachments: Distal (superior): lower border of 12th rib & lumbar transverse processes L1 to L5 Proximal (inferior): iliolumbar ligament, iliac crest Action: extension, lateral flexion
What are the attachments and actions of the trapezius (actions in terms of descending, middle and ascending)
TRAPEZIUS Attachments: P: superior nuchal line, occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process C7 – T12 D: spine of scapula, lateral 1/3 clavicle Action: moves scapula • Descending (Superior, Upper): elevation & upward rotation • Middle: retraction • Ascending (Inferior, Lower): depression & upward rotation
What is at least 1 defining feature of each level vertebrae and what is the direction of the facets for each?
Cervical:
Body: Small rectangular, with uncinate process Vertebral foramen: Large triangular
Transverse processes: Short
Spinous process: Bifid
Articular/facet joint: Oblique horizontal
Other: Foramen transversarium (C1-C6)
Transverse:
Body: Heart shaped GIRAFFES NEED LOVE
Vertebral foramen: Circular small
Transverse processes: Long with articulation facets for ribs
Spinous process: Long postero-inferior
Articular/facet joint: Articular process, near vertical
Other: Costal facets for rib
Lumbar:
Body: Large kidney shaped
Vertebral foramen: Triangular medium sized
Transverse processes: Long with accessory process Spinous process: Short thick
Articular/facet joint: Near vertical on oblique plane Other: Accessory process, mamillary process
C: Oblique, T: Stop sign L: Umpire