Determine the study method
Involves an up-close, in-depth, and detailed examination of a subject (the “case”) in hopes of generalizing the findings
Case Study
A researcher surveyed social norms in the same group of 20 people from early childhood through adulthood. In this example, which of the following describes the group of 20 people surveyed?
Sample
29. Which of the following would indicate the strongest correlation between the variables of gratitude and narcissistic personality disorder?
(A) –.90
(B) –.23
(C) .40
(D) .72
-.90
4, 6, 11, 4, 15, 2
7
A person's voluntary agreement to participate in a procedure knowing it’s potential benefits and risks
Informed Consent
involves collecting and evaluating non-numerical data in order to understand concepts or subjective opinion
Qualitative Data
The group that is not exposed to the treatment & serves as a comparison
Control group
Which is an operational definition for Sleep improvemnt.
Number of hours of REM sleep someone gets
How many "good" hours of sleep someone gets
_______ measures the amount of variation or dispersion in a data set
Standard Deviation
In investigating the impact of social environment on the development of anxiety in children, Anthony places children in chaotic rooms with loud noises and scary situations after gaining their guardians permission. At the end of the day, he measures the children’s blood pressure then sends them home.
According to ethical guidelines, which of the following is Anthony forgetting?
Debriefing
Dr. Fredericks is interested in studying how quickly people forget what they learn in class. He teaches a class on biological psychology on a Monday. On Tuesday, he gives the class a quiz asking the students about details from the previous class. Which of the following procedures should Dr. Fredericks have followed to avoid the confounding variable of experimenter bias?
Double Blind
A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group.
What is the dependent variable?
Type of television program viewed
Which of the following changes to a research design would expand the generalizability of a study's findings to a larger population?
(A) Including participants who are not already in the study group
(B) Using a correlational design to determine causality
(C) Including a debriefing session after the study to inform participants
(D) Increasing the prize value so that participants are more motivated to participate
(A) Including participants who are not already in the study group
_______ how likely it is that a result is due to chance or a real effect
Statistical Significance
Was Ms. Skinner's experiment ethical?
If it was not, tell me in detail why her experiment was not ethical
No because... a lot of non-ethical stuff was going on
Research shows that women who are referred by a physician to participate in a study of eating disorders have more severe problems than women who volunteer on their own to participate in the study. If research on eating disorders regularly involves only women referred by physicians, the results of the studies might be limited because of the presence of...
Sampling bias
Petra studies creativity, and she is frustrated that several studies in her field do not have precise operational definitions for creativity or divergent thinking. It is important for researchers to use precise operational definitions for which of the following reasons?
They want to be able to replicate the experiment again precisely
Researchers find that there is a significant, positive correlation between the number of hours students sleep and their grades. The researchers would be justified in concluding that
students who earn good grades tend to sleep more than those who do not
People will show more conformity in large groups versus small groups.
Conformity rates:
2-person groups: 25%
4-person groups: 35%
8-person groups: 37%
Evaluate whether these results support the original hypothesis. Why or why not?
Supported.
Reasoning: Conformity increased from 25% to 37% as group size grew, consistent with the hypothesis that larger groups increase conformity.
Dr. Mason-Jones receives a phone call asking about whether she is treating a specific person in her clinical practice. She does not confirm or deny whether the person is one of her clients. Which of the following is the term associated with psychologists not sharing their clients’ personal information with others?
Confidentiality
Emmit wants to examine whether there is a difference in the number of students with an internal locus of control (what you blame for what happens in your life) and the number with an external locus of control based on class year (e.g., freshmen versus sophomores). Which of the following is the most appropriate research method for Emmit to use to determine whether there is a difference?
Survey
Dr. Fredericks is interested in studying how quickly people forget what they learn in class. He teaches a class on biological psychology on a Monday. On Tuesday, he gives the class a quiz asking the students about details from the previous class. Which of the following procedures should Dr. Fredericks have followed to avoid the confounding variable of experimenter bias?
Double Blind experiment
Researchers recruited 60 pre-med college students from an elite private university on the East Coast who self-reported experiencing test anxiety. Participants were randomly assigned to either an 8-week mindfulness meditation program or a control group that received study skills training. Both groups completed anxiety assessments before major exams throughout the semester. Results showed that students in the mindfulness group reported 40% lower anxiety levels and scored an average of 12% higher on their exams compared to the control group.
List out what is generalizable
College Students (pre-med)
Elite private university
East Coast
Self-reported test anxiety
A scroll lists test scores on a 100-point exam. The class mean is 70 with a standard deviation of 10. You find a score of 74 on one paper. Within what standard deviation would you find the paper with a score of 74? In other words, how many standard deviations away from the mean is the score of 74?
within 1 standard deviation
What does the Mnemonic:
PAIN-CD
Stant for?
Protection, Assent, Informed Consent, Need for Institutional Approval, Confidentiality, Debriefing