The Factory System
This shift in manufacturing moved the production process out of individual homes and centralized it into one large location.
What is the factory system?
Invented by Eli Whitney, this machine made the cotton-cleaning process much more efficient but drove up the demand for enslaved labor.
What is the cotton gin?
The rapid growth of urban centers near factories and transportation hubs is known by this term.
What is urbanization?
Characterized by fertile soil and large plantations, this region relied heavily on agriculture and had very limited industrial development.
What is the South?
This famous "conductor" on the Underground Railroad had escaped slavery herself and went on to help hundreds of others find passage to the North.
Who is Harriet Tubman?
This movement, organized by groups like the Daughters of Temperance, worked to pass legislation to ban the sale and consumption of alcohol.
What is the temperance movement?
Initially, early industrial mills used primarily this demographic for labor because it resulted in lower wage costs.
Who are women (or female labor)?
This transportation innovation enabled travel against river currents, moved goods faster, and led to the rapid growth of cities like New Orleans and St. Louis.
What is the steamboat?
A devastating potato famine served as a major "push factor" encouraging immigration from this European country.
What is Ireland?
Available jobs in cities attracted immigrants and resulted in the heavy urbanization and industrialization of this U.S. region.
What is the North?
Published in 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe, this fictional novel depicted the harsh realities of slavery and greatly increased public support for the abolitionist cause.
What is Uncle Tom's Cabin?
Activist Dorothea Dix led efforts that resulted in the opening of the first of these specialized healthcare facilities in the United States in the early 1800s.
What are mental asylums?
The mass production of goods in factories led to this outcome for consumers, which in turn fueled further demand.
What is lowered the cost/price of goods?
State-sponsored projects built these waterways, like the famous Erie one, to facilitate the movement of raw materials to factories and finished products to markets.
What are canals?
Following the Gold Rush, immigrants from this nation found work building railroads and in the mining sector in California.
What is China?
In the West and Midwest, while farming developed in fertile areas and mining in mountains, these were established in dry, arid areas.
What are ranches?
This formerly-enslaved abolitionist leader began speaking out across the nation and published the anti-slavery newspaper The North Star.
Who is Frederick Douglass?
The earliest organization of this specific reform movement was centered on reducing the work day to 10 hours and later fought for wage increases.
What is the labor reform movement?
This innovation, featuring components made to be nearly identical, drastically increased the productivity and efficiency of both assembling and repairing devices like firearms.
What are interchangeable parts?
During the 1840s, 1850s, and 1860s, the expansion of this transportation system was vital to linking the Northeast with the Midwest.
What are railroads?
Religious oppression, political upheaval, and a lack of economic opportunities are examples of these specific kinds of factors that drive people out of their home countries.
What are push factors?
Southern plantations became the major producers of cotton, which was then shipped to these specific industrial facilities in the North.
What are textile mills?
He organized the New England Anti-Slavery Society and published The Liberator newspaper.
Who is William Lloyd Garrison?
This religious revival motivated involvement in many reform efforts, including abolition, women's suffrage, and education reform.
What is the Second Great Awakening?
He opened the first industrial textile mill in the United States in 1790.
Who is Samuel Slater?
Because factories needed to be situated near transportation hubs, these two major U.S. cities were specifically cited as growing rapidly in proximity to them.
What are New York City and Chicago?
As industrialization advanced, the influx of European and Chinese immigrants benefited the growing factory system primarily by providing this.
What is an abundant cheap labor supply?
The profitability of the plantation system combined with settlement into western territories resulted in major political efforts to expand this institution into newer regions.
What is slavery?
In 1859, this man led a failed raid on the federal armory at Harpers Ferry, hoping to incite a rebellion among enslaved people—a sign of a shift toward violence in the movement.
Who is John Brown?
In the push for care of the disabled, Thomas H. Gallaudet established the first permanent school for this specific population in 1817.
Who are deaf persons?