CRUSADES
When did a boy start training to be a knight (at what age)?
Logic: What age was he 'knighted'?
7 years old
-21 years old
What is a saint?
person recognized by the church as having lived a holy life and is in heaven after death
What was the job of the king/queen?
Ruling their kingdom (leadership)
What is a 'kingdom'?
An area of land ruled by a king or queen
What were the three levels of becoming a knight?
Logic: Also describe the 'duties' of each level.
Page
Squire
Knight
The crusades were a series of seven wars fought over a period of how many years?
200 years
What do we call the kingdom of Christ on earth that European Catholic created during the Middle Ages (which we look to with admiration for the dedication to the faith in their cultures and their laws).
CHRISTENDOM
Who are the king and queen of heaven and earth?
Jesus and Mary
What were the 4 levels of the 'social hierarchy' or classes in the medieval period?
King (Royalty)
Nobles
Knights
Peasants (free + serfs)
Grammar: What were some of the 'selfish' reasons men would go to fight on the crusades (not simply to win the land back for the Church and God's glory)?
Logic: Name at least one order of warrior monks that began in the Holy Land.
Grammar: for adventure, potential to gain wealth/land, for glory, for sight-seeing
Logic: Knights Templar/ Teutonic Knights/Knights Hospitallers of St. John
The Muslim ______________ (the name of the group of Muslims) started killing and stealing from Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land.
Turks
Who was the bishop that was killed by the kings' knights for choosing to be loyal to the church rather than his friend the king?
St. Thomas Beckett
Gram: Popes could excommunicate kings if they were doing sinful things and harming the church. What does EXCOMMUNICATION mean?
Logic: Who was the king who was excommunicated for ignoring the church's direction for kings to stop choosing bishops (and then did public penance)?
Gram: The action of officially excluding someone from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church:
Logic: Henry IV
What was the name of the type of society in the Medieval ages where society was split up into different classes with different roles, enabling kingdoms to have the resources to provide protection for themselves?
FEUDALISM
Grammar: Describe the life of monks/nuns. Why did they join the monastery and what did they spend their days doing?
Logic: Name at least ONE new religious order that began in the 11th and 12th centuries.
Logic: Cistercians
Carthusians
Three European kings went to the Holy Land to fight the 3rd crusade (Philip Augustus, Frederick Barbarossa, and Richard the Lionheart). Only one king made it there to fight. Who was it?
Richard the Lionhearted
Who was the saint who was a queen of Scotland that cared for all her subjects, visiting them, offering them assistance, and living a devout faith life?
St. Margaret of Scotland
Grammar: There were sometimes good kings and sometimes bad kings. What was the famous story about someone who would go around and fight for the poor people who were being harmed by bad kings and nobles?
Logic: Who was the 'bad' king that led to the English nobles/bishops writing up a list of their rights, known as the Magna Carta?
Logic: 'Bad King John' (Plantagenet)
Name at least two groups of people (enemies) who would attack areas in Europe at different times during this period, which led them to need knights and walls to protect their kingdoms.
Vikings, Huns, Muslims
Grammar: Why did kings/lords want to choose who the bishop of their territory would be?
Logic: What was the agreement called that finally ended the 'Investiture Controversy'?
Grammar: So the bishop would not try to stop them if they did something wrong or immoral.
Logic: Concordat of Woms
Grammar: Who did the crusaders want to make king of the Latin kingdom, but he refused since he didn't want to be called king of the land where Christ had lived.
Logic: What was the result of each of the 1st three crusades?
1st:
2nd:
3rd:
Godfrey of Boullion
1st: won Jerusalem back + started Latin Kingdom
2nd:
Who was the saint who was a popular preacher, spread the popularity of the Cistercians, and preached to inspire people to join the crusades?
Gram: Who was the king that showed great bravery by going to fight the 3rd crusade and was even captured on his journey?
Logic: Who was the king that began the Plantaganet dynasty in England and had several sons who rebelled against him?
Richard the Lion-hearted
Henry II
Grammar: Name at least ONE new religious order that started in the 11th + 12th centuries.
Logic: William the Conqueror was the ruler of the _____________(which people) who conquered England?
Grammar: Cistercian / Carthusian
Logic: Normans
Grammar: What was the 'Investiture Controversy' (hint: something kings/lords were doing that harmed the Church)?
Logic: What was the RECONQUISTA in Spain?
Gram: Kings and Bishops were choosing bishops or popes who would let them do what they wanted
Logic: The Spanish Catholics resisting the Muslims who took over their land and trying to win it back for the faith.